Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2024 Aug;203:105992. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105992. Epub 2024 Jun 18.
Haemaphysalis longicornis, which is widely distributed in China, can transmit various tick-borne diseases such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, babesiosis, rickettsia disease and so on, and do great harm to human health and the development of animal husbandry. Chemical acaricides are the most traditional tick control method, but because of its many shortcomings, there is an urgent need to find a substitute with high efficiency, environmental protection and low toxicity. It has been found that some plant essential oils (EOs) have good insecticidal activity and environmental safety. In this study, the components of EOs from Pimenta racemosa and Eugenia caryophyllata were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their potential for application in the control of Haemaphysalis longicornis were studied. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the main components of P. racemosa EO were eugenol (64.07%), those of E. caryophyllata EO were Hexadecanoic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester (51.84%) and eugenol (39.76%). Larval packet test showed that the EOs of P. racemosa and E. caryophyllata had significant acaricidal activity against unfed larvae of H. longicornis, with LC values of 1.20 mg/mL and 0.47 mg/mL and LC values of 8.76 mg/mL and 2.91 mg/mL, respectively. The P. racemosa EO, E. caryophyllata EO and eugenol showed significant acaricidal activity against unfed nymph H. longicornis, with LC values of 1.65 mg/mL, 2.29 mg/mL and 0.93 mg/mL and LC values of 5.03 mg/mL, 11.01 mg/mL and 4.77 mg/mL, respectively. The P. racemosa EO, E. caryophyllata EO and eugenol showed significant acaricidal activity against unfed adults H. longicornis, with LC values of 0.51 mg/mL, 2.57 mg/mL and 1.83 mg/mL and LC values of 2.44 mg/mL, 11.44 mg/mL and 2.54 mg/mL, respectively. Enzyme assays revealed that the E. caryophyllata EO and eugenol significantly inhibited the activity of carboxylesterase (CarE), eugenol significantly inhibited the activity of catalase (CAT), and two EOs and eugenol had no significant effect on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) (p < 0.05). The above results suggest that the essential oils from P. racemosa and E. caryophyllata have great potential for use as alternatives to synthetic acaricides for tick control.
长角血蜱广泛分布于中国，可传播多种蜱传疾病，如发热伴血小板减少综合征、巴贝斯虫病、立克次体病等，对人类健康和畜牧业发展造成极大危害。化学杀蜱剂是最传统的蜱控制方法，但由于其诸多缺点，迫切需要寻找一种高效、环保、低毒的替代品。已经发现一些植物精油（EOs）具有良好的杀虫活性和环境安全性。本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析了荜澄茄和丁香的精油成分，并研究了其在控制长角血蜱中的应用潜力。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，荜澄茄精油的主要成分是丁香酚（64.07%），丁香精油的主要成分是十六烷酸，2-甲基丙基酯（51.84%）和丁香酚（39.76%）。幼虫包囊试验表明，荜澄茄和丁香精油对未进食的长角血蜱幼虫具有显著的杀蜱活性，LC 值分别为 1.20mg/mL 和 0.47mg/mL，LC 值分别为 8.76mg/mL 和 2.91mg/mL。荜澄茄精油、丁香精油和丁香酚对未进食的长角血蜱若虫表现出显著的杀蜱活性，LC 值分别为 1.65mg/mL、2.29mg/mL 和 0.93mg/mL，LC 值分别为 5.03mg/mL、11.01mg/mL 和 4.77mg/mL。荜澄茄精油、丁香精油和丁香酚对未进食的长角血蜱成虫具有显著的杀蜱活性，LC 值分别为 0.51mg/mL、2.57mg/mL 和 1.83mg/mL，LC 值分别为 2.44mg/mL、11.44mg/mL 和 2.54mg/mL。酶活性测定表明，丁香精油和丁香酚显著抑制羧酸酯酶（CarE）的活性，丁香酚显著抑制过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性，两种精油和丁香酚对乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）无显著影响（p<0.05）。以上结果表明，荜澄茄和丁香精油具有作为替代合成杀蜱剂控制蜱的巨大潜力。
