Prakash Pal Ravi, Mani Veena, Mir Shahid Hassan, Sharma Amit, Sarkar Srobana
Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
Forage, Millets and Nutrition Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Apr;203(4):2001-2012. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04317-y. Epub 2024 Aug 1.
The current research aimed to assess the feasibility of using Zn hydroxy chloride (ZnOHCl) as an alternative to ZnSO in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. Twenty-four male crossbred calves (Tharparkar × Holstein Friesian) were categorized into four groups according to body weight and age (body weight 31 kg; age 10 days). Experimental calves were kept on a similar feeding regimen except that different groups were supplemented with either 0 mg Zn/kg DMI (Zn-0), 80 mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnSO (ZnS-80), 40 mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnOHCl (ZnH-40), or 80 mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnOHCl (ZnH-80). All the calves were fed for 90 days as per ICAR (2013) feeding standard to fulfill their nutrient requirements for growth rate of 500 g/day. The study observed the influence of different sources and varying levels of Zn supplementation over a 90-day experimental period on health status, hemato-biochemical attributes, antioxidant status, immune responses, and plasma minerals and erythrocyte Zn concentrations. The data was examined using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with fixed effects of treatment, period, and their interaction. The results indicated that irrespective of the sources and levels of Zn, supplementation did not lead to significant changes in health status as assessed by fecal score, nasal score, ear score, and eye score. Hematological parameters remained unchanged following supplementation with different sources and levels of Zn. Zn-supplemented groups showed higher levels of total protein, globulin, and alkaline phosphates (ALP) compared to the non-supplemented group. However, no significant variations were detected within the Zn-supplemented groups. Zinc supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidant enzyme activity, total immunoglobulin (Ig), immunoglobulin G (IgG), cell-mediated immunity (CMI), and humoral immunity (HI); however, no significant variations were detected among Zn-supplemented groups. Zn supplementation enhanced plasma and RBC Zn concentration without affecting the plasma concentration of other minerals. However, among the Zn-supplemented groups, 80 mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnOHCl resulted in the highest RBC Zn concentration. The study results demonstrate that Zn supplementation enhanced biomarkers of zinc status, antioxidant levels, and immune responses in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. Nevertheless, no significant variations were observed between the different Zn sources (ZnSO and ZnOHCl) utilized in this study. Research suggests that ZnOHCl could be a feasible alternative to ZnSO in the diet of pre-ruminant crossbred calves.
当前研究旨在评估在反刍前杂交犊牛中使用碱式氯化锌（ZnOHCl）替代硫酸锌（ZnSO）的可行性。将24头雄性杂交犊牛（塔尔帕卡牛×荷斯坦弗里生牛）按体重和年龄分为四组（体重31千克；年龄10天）。除不同组分别补充0毫克锌/千克干物质采食量（Zn-0）、80毫克锌/千克干物质采食量的硫酸锌（ZnS-80）、40毫克锌/千克干物质采食量的碱式氯化锌（ZnH-40）或80毫克锌/千克干物质采食量的碱式氯化锌（ZnH-80）外，实验犊牛采用相似的饲养方案。所有犊牛均按照印度农业研究理事会（2013年）的饲养标准喂养90天，以满足其日增重500克的营养需求。该研究观察了在90天的实验期内，不同来源和不同水平的锌补充对健康状况、血液生化指标、抗氧化状态、免疫反应以及血浆矿物质和红细胞锌浓度的影响。数据采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD）进行分析，固定效应包括处理、时期及其交互作用。结果表明，无论锌的来源和水平如何，通过粪便评分、鼻部分数、耳部评分和眼部评分评估，补充锌并未导致健康状况出现显著变化。补充不同来源和水平的锌后，血液学参数保持不变。与未补充组相比，补充锌的组总蛋白、球蛋白和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平更高。然而，在补充锌的组内未检测到显著差异。补充锌显著提高了总抗氧化能力（TAC）、抗氧化酶活性、总免疫球蛋白（Ig）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、细胞介导免疫（CMI）和体液免疫（HI）；然而，在补充锌的组之间未检测到显著差异。补充锌提高了血浆和红细胞锌浓度，且未影响其他矿物质的血浆浓度。然而，在补充锌的组中，80毫克锌/千克干物质采食量的碱式氯化锌使红细胞锌浓度最高。研究结果表明补充锌可提高反刍前杂交犊牛锌状态、抗氧化水平和免疫反应的生物标志物。然而，本研究中使用的不同锌源（硫酸锌和碱式氯化锌）之间未观察到显著差异。研究表明，在反刍前杂交犊牛的日粮中，碱式氯化锌可能是硫酸锌的一种可行替代品。
