State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China.
School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Aug;31(38):50179-50197. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34511-3. Epub 2024 Aug 1.
It is challenging to interpret hydrogeochemical datasets with complex natural and anthropogenic genesis in intensive industrial areas. This paper elucidates the hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution sources of groundwater in an industrial park, East China, combining the self-organizing map (SOM), hydrochemical graphs, and correlation analysis. The results show that the total dissolved solids of groundwater range from 73.45 to 997.92 mg/L and can be regarded as freshwater. The pH varies greatly from 6.44 to 9.90, most of samples belonging to weakly acidic-weakly alkaline. The groundwater can be classified into five clusters by SOM, representing the non- or least-polluted groundwater (cluster D), high salt groundwater (cluster A), high NH-N and HCO groundwater (cluster B), high Fe and Mn groundwater (cluster C), and high pH groundwater (cluster E), which were contaminated by industrial salts, historical agriculture activity, industrial reducing substances, and industrial alkali, respectively. The natural evolution of groundwater (cluster D) in the study area is mainly controlled by mineral weathering/dissolution. The contributions of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite, and silicate mineral to groundwater solute are 55.8-66.3%, 15.1-18.0%, 9.0-10.7%, 2.5-10.1%, and 2.3-9.4%, respectively, based on the mass conservation. The contaminated groundwaters (all other clusters except for cluster D) have different hydrochemical characteristics associated with the pollution sources. In addition, the relatively reductive environment in quaternary flu-lacustrine sediments favored the formation of high level of Fe, Mn, and NH-N in groundwater. This study provides a new insight into the characteristic contaminants and their distributions in groundwater and the associated pollution sources based on the large datasets in an intensive industrial area. The data evaluation methods and results of this study could be useful to the groundwater usage management and pollution control in this area and other industrial areas.
在密集型工业区，解释具有复杂自然和人为成因的水文地球化学数据集具有挑战性。本文结合自组织映射（SOM）、水文地球化学图和相关分析，阐明了华东某工业园区地下水的水文地球化学特征和污染源。结果表明，地下水总溶解固体范围为 73.45 至 997.92mg/L，可视为淡水。pH 值变化范围较大，介于 6.44 至 9.90 之间，大部分样品属于弱酸性-弱碱性。SOM 将地下水分为五类，代表非污染或最少污染地下水（D 类）、高盐地下水（A 类）、高 NH-N 和 HCO3-地下水（B 类）、高铁锰地下水（C 类）和高 pH 地下水（E 类），分别受到工业盐、历史农业活动、工业还原剂和工业碱的污染。研究区地下水的自然演化（D 类）主要受矿物风化/溶解控制。方解石、白云石、石膏、岩盐和硅酸盐矿物对地下水溶质的贡献分别为 55.8-66.3%、15.1-18.0%、9.0-10.7%、2.5-10.1%和 2.3-9.4%，基于质量守恒。受污染的地下水（除 D 类外的所有其他类）具有不同的水文地球化学特征，与污染源有关。此外，第四纪湖相沉积物中相对还原的环境有利于地下水高铁、锰和 NH-N 水平的形成。本研究基于大量数据集，为密集型工业区地下水特征污染物及其分布和相关污染源提供了新的认识。该研究的数据评估方法和结果可为该地区和其他工业地区的地下水利用管理和污染控制提供参考。
