School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
Football Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2024 Aug 1;19(10):1012-1020. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0522. Print 2024 Oct 1.
To describe the self-reported menstrual health, symptomatology, and perceived effects of the menstrual cycle on athletic performance for national and international Australian football (soccer) players.
Players from national and domestic teams were invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding menstrual health, use of hormonal contraceptives (HCs), negative symptomatology, and perceived disruption of the menstrual cycle to performance. Descriptive statistics and binomial regressions with odds ratios (OR) were used to report the relationship of menstrual-related variables with perceived performance disruption.
A total of 199 players (20.9 [5.1] y) completed the questionnaire, with 18% of players reporting using HCs. One primary amenorrhea case was detected, and 26% of players reported menarche at age ≥15 years. For non-HC users, the prevalence of secondary amenorrhea was 2%, oligomenorrhea was 19%, and heavy menstrual bleeding was 11%. Ninety-seven percent of players reported experiencing physical or affective menstrual symptoms (5 [1.3] per player), and 40% of all players reported that menstrual symptoms impacted their ability to work, study, train, or compete. Furthermore, 40% of players perceived their training or performance to be disrupted by the menstrual cycle. Increasing number of menstrual symptoms (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.28-1.62; P < .001), heavy menstrual bleeding (OR = 12.73; 95% CI, 3.4-82.8; P < .001), and pelvic pain (OR = 3.40; 95% CI, 1.7-7.2; P < .001) increased the likelihood of perceiving the menstrual cycle to disrupt performance.
Heavy menstrual bleeding and HC use were low among this cohort of national and international footballers, whereas amenorrhea and oligomenorrhoea were comparable with other football populations. Nearly all players reported menstrual symptoms, and increased symptomatology was associated with greater perceived effects on performance.
描述澳大利亚国家和国内足球（足球）运动员的自我报告的月经健康状况、症状和月经周期对运动表现的感知影响。
邀请国家队和国内队的球员完成一份关于月经健康、使用激素避孕药（HCs）、负面症状和感知月经周期对表现的干扰的在线问卷。使用描述性统计和二项回归分析（OR）报告与感知表现障碍相关的月经相关变量的关系。
共有 199 名球员（20.9 [5.1] 岁）完成了问卷，18%的球员报告使用 HCs。检测到 1 例原发性闭经病例，26%的球员报告月经初潮年龄≥15 岁。对于非 Hc 用户，继发性闭经的患病率为 2%，少经为 19%，月经过多为 11%。97%的球员报告经历过身体或情感性月经症状（每名球员 5 [1.3] 个），40%的球员报告月经症状影响他们的工作、学习、训练或比赛能力。此外，40%的球员认为他们的训练或表现受到月经周期的干扰。月经症状增多（OR=1.43；95%可信区间，1.28-1.62；P<0.001）、月经过多（OR=12.73；95%可信区间，3.4-82.8；P<0.001）和盆腔疼痛（OR=3.40；95%可信区间，1.7-7.2；P<0.001）增加了月经周期干扰表现的可能性。
在这一国家队和国际足球运动员队列中，月经过多和 Hc 使用较低，而闭经和少经与其他足球人群相当。几乎所有的球员都报告了月经症状，症状的增加与对表现的感知影响更大有关。
