Mitsuhashi Risa, Mizushima Ryoko, Natsui Hiroaki, Machida Shuichi, Nakata Yoshio
Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Laboratory of Advanced Research D606, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
BMC Womens Health. 2025 Mar 24;25(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03655-w.
The aims of this study were to identify factors associated with menstruation-related symptoms and compare them between female soccer players and women without exercise habits.
This cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2022. Participants were healthy Japanese women aged 18-29 years, divided into two groups for comparison by exercise habits: women without exercise habits and female college soccer players. Participants responded to a self-administered questionnaire pertaining to their physical and menstrual characteristics, menstruation-related symptoms, and lifestyle habits. For menstruation-related symptoms, the Andersch and Milsom Scale was used to assess the severity of each of the 16 symptoms before and during menstruation. Lifestyle habits included stress, sleep, diet, and physical activity, which were assessed using Perceived Stress Scale, Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Food Frequency Questionnaire, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire, respectively. Data were analyzed using the t-test and multiple logistic regression analysis. All analyses were performed with a statistical significance of 5%.
A total of 428 women (192 without exercise habits; 236 soccer players) participated in the study, and 244 women (99 without exercise habits; 125 soccer players) were analyzed. For women without exercise habits, long menstrual days (OR = 5.627; 95% CI, 1.046-30.259) and high levels of stress (1.082; 1.011-1.157) were factors before menstruation, and stress (1.131; 1.045-1.225) was a factor during menstruation were significantly associated with severe menstruation-related symptoms. Contrastingly, for soccer players, high body mass index (BMI) (1.460; 1.080-1.973), late bedtime (0.288; 0.110-0.753) before menstruation, older age (1.662; 1.073-2.575), high BMI (1.468; 1.089-1.980), family history of menstruation-related symptoms (3.090; 1.179-8.098), late bedtime (0.358; 0.133-0.958), caffeine consumption ( 0.359; 0.139-0.930), and less frequent breakfast intake (0.807; 0.653-0.997) were significant factors. Additionally, the factors associated with the occurrence of menstruation-related symptoms differed according to the symptom type. The most frequently associated factor in women without exercise habits was stress (13 symptoms). In female soccer players, the most frequently associated factor was BMI (8 symptoms).
Women presented different factors for menstruation-related symptoms depending on the presence or absence of exercise habits in their routine.
本研究旨在确定与月经相关症状相关的因素，并比较女足运动员和无运动习惯女性之间的这些因素。
本横断面研究于2022年6月至8月进行。参与者为18至29岁的健康日本女性，根据运动习惯分为两组进行比较：无运动习惯的女性和大学女足运动员。参与者对一份关于其身体和月经特征、月经相关症状及生活习惯的自填问卷做出回应。对于月经相关症状，使用安德施和米尔松量表评估月经前和月经期间16种症状中每种症状的严重程度。生活习惯包括压力、睡眠、饮食和身体活动，分别使用感知压力量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数日语版、食物频率问卷和国际身体活动问卷进行评估。数据采用t检验和多元逻辑回归分析。所有分析的统计学显著性水平为5%。
共有428名女性（192名无运动习惯；236名足球运动员）参与了研究，对244名女性（99名无运动习惯；125名足球运动员）进行了分析。对于无运动习惯的女性，月经天数长（比值比[OR]=5.627；95%置信区间[CI]，1.046 - 30.259）和压力水平高（1.082；1.011 - 1.157）是月经前的因素，压力（1.131；1.045 - 1.225）是月经期间的因素，均与严重的月经相关症状显著相关。相比之下，对于足球运动员，高体重指数（BMI）（1.460；1.080 - 1.973）、月经前晚睡（0.288；0.110 - 0.753）、年龄较大（1.662；1.073 - 2.575）、高BMI（1.468；1.089 - 1.980）、月经相关症状家族史（3.090；1.179 - 8.098）、晚睡（0.358；0.133 - 0.958）、咖啡因摄入量（0.359；0.139 - 0.930）以及早餐摄入频率较低（0.807；0.653 - 0.997）是显著因素。此外，与月经相关症状发生相关的因素因症状类型而异。在无运动习惯的女性中，最常相关的因素是压力（13种症状）。在女足运动员中，最常相关的因素是BMI（8种症状）。
根据日常是否有运动习惯，女性月经相关症状的影响因素有所不同。
