Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot, 360003, Gujarat, India; Quality Assurance & Environment Department, Nirma Limited, Bhavnagar, 364313, Gujarat, India.
CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Sep;367:122036. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122036. Epub 2024 Aug 1.
Rapid global urbanization and economic growth have significantly increased solid waste volumes, with hazardous waste posing substantial health and environmental risks. Co-processing strategies for industrial solid and hazardous waste as alternative fuels highlight the importance of integrated waste management for energy and material recovery. This study identifies and characterizes solid and hazardous industrial wastes with high calorific values from various industrial processes at Nirma Industries Limited. Nine types of combustible industrial wastes were analyzed: discarded containers (W1), plastic waste (W2), spent ion exchange resins from RO plants (W3), sludge from effluent treatment in soap plants (W4), glycerine foot from soap plants (W5), rock wool puff material (W6), fiber-reinforced plastic waste (W7), spent activated carbon (W8), and spent cartridges from reverse osmosis plants (W9). Physical characterization, proximate and ultimate analysis, heavy metal concentration evaluation, and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted to assess their properties, revealing high calorific values exceeding 2500 kcal/kg. Notably, W1 and W2 exhibited the highest calorific values (∼10,870 kcal/kg), followed by W6 and W8 (∼6000 kcal/kg) and W9 (∼8727 kcal/kg). Safe heavy metal levels are safe, and high calorific values support the prospects of energy recovery and economic and environmental benefits, reducing landfill reliance and enhancing sustainable waste management.
快速的全球城市化和经济增长显著增加了固体废物的数量，危险废物对健康和环境构成了重大风险。将工业固体废物和危险废物作为替代燃料进行共处理的策略强调了综合废物管理对于能源和材料回收的重要性。本研究在 Nirma Industries Limited 从各种工业过程中确定并描述了具有高热值的工业固体废物和危险废物。分析了九种可燃工业废物：废弃容器 (W1)、塑料废物 (W2)、反渗透工厂的废离子交换树脂 (W3)、肥皂厂废水处理中的污泥 (W4)、肥皂厂甘油脚 (W5)、岩棉蓬松材料 (W6)、纤维增强塑料废物 (W7)、废活性炭 (W8) 和反渗透工厂的废滤芯 (W9)。进行了物理特性、近似和最终分析、重金属浓度评估和热重分析，以评估它们的性质，发现其热值超过 2500 kcal/kg。值得注意的是，W1 和 W2 的热值最高（约 10,870 kcal/kg），其次是 W6 和 W8（约 6000 kcal/kg）和 W9（约 8727 kcal/kg）。重金属含量处于安全水平，高热值支持了回收能源和实现经济与环境效益的前景，减少了对垃圾填埋场的依赖，增强了可持续的废物管理。
