Veena R K, Vinod Kumar K, Swathi M, Bokade P P, Pal A, SowjanyaKumari S, Arun Y P, Devaraj S, Jagadeesha K, Padma M R, Jayashankar M, ChethanKumar H B, Shome B R, Gulati B R, Balamurugan V
District Surveillance Unit (DSU), Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada, 575001, Karnataka, India; Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, P.G Center, Mangalore University, ChikkaAluvara, Kushalnagar, Karnataka, 571232, India.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Med Microbiol. 2024 Sep-Oct;51:100698. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100698. Epub 2024 Aug 3.
Leptospirosis and dengue are two significant public health concerns in tropical and subtropical regions, often resulting in severe forms of disease and fatality. This study addresses the pressing public health issues of leptospirosis and dengue in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, India. Both diseases pose significant health risks and are relatively understudied in this region, making it essential to investigate their prevalence and clinical presentations for targeted healthcare planning.
The primary aim is to determine the frequency of leptospirosis and dengue among febrile illness cases to understand the epidemiological patterns and assess co-infection rates in Dakshina Kannada.
Between 2020 and 2021, serum samples suspected of leptospirosis were tested using IgM ELISA (n = 1629) and the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) (n = 92) for leptospirosis, while dengue was tested using NS1Ag and IgM antibodies ELISA (n = 1415). Data were collected through medical records and patient interviews. Seasonal trends, gender, and age distributions were analyzed.
The study found a significant prevalence of leptospirosis (21 %) and dengue (10 %) among febrile illness cases in the study area, with a 1.3 % co-infection rate. Clinically, fever was common to both diseases, but leptospirosis also frequently exhibited symptoms such as abdominal pain, myalgia, and jaundice. MAT screening revealed a predominance of anti-leptospiral antibodies against the Djasiman, Pyrogenes, Hurstbridge, Hebdomadis, and Grippotyphosa serogroups in Dakshina Kannada.
The study highlights the urgent need for focused public health interventions, improved diagnostic tools, and targeted epidemiological studies to manage these diseases. The findings underscore the necessity of enhancing diagnostic capabilities and public health awareness, particularly considering the significant health risks posed by leptospirosis and dengue in the region.
钩端螺旋体病和登革热是热带和亚热带地区两个重大的公共卫生问题，常常导致严重疾病形式和死亡。本研究探讨了印度卡纳塔克邦南卡纳达地区钩端螺旋体病和登革热紧迫的公共卫生问题。这两种疾病都构成重大健康风险，且在该地区相对研究不足，因此有必要调查它们的流行情况和临床表现，以便进行有针对性的医疗规划。
主要目的是确定发热疾病病例中钩端螺旋体病和登革热的发生率，以了解流行病学模式并评估南卡纳达地区的合并感染率。
在2020年至2021年期间，对疑似钩端螺旋体病的血清样本采用IgM酶联免疫吸附测定法（n = 1629）和显微镜凝集试验（MAT）（n = 92）检测钩端螺旋体病，同时采用NS1抗原和IgM抗体酶联免疫吸附测定法（n = 1415）检测登革热。通过病历和患者访谈收集数据。分析了季节性趋势、性别和年龄分布。
研究发现，研究区域内发热疾病病例中钩端螺旋体病（21%）和登革热（10%）的患病率较高，合并感染率为1.3%。临床上，发热是两种疾病的常见症状，但钩端螺旋体病还经常表现出腹痛、肌痛和黄疸等症状。MAT筛查显示，南卡纳达地区抗钩端螺旋体抗体主要针对贾西曼、热原质、赫斯特布里奇、七日热和致热群。
该研究强调了采取有针对性的公共卫生干预措施、改进诊断工具和开展有针对性的流行病学研究以管理这些疾病的迫切需求。研究结果强调了提高诊断能力和公共卫生意识的必要性，特别是考虑到该地区钩端螺旋体病和登革热带来的重大健康风险。
