Agronomy and Horticulture Department, IPB University, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia.
Plant Breeding Department, Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Jl. Brigjend Katamso No.51, Medan, North Sumatera, 20158, Indonesia.
Metabolomics. 2024 Aug 2;20(5):89. doi: 10.1007/s11306-024-02160-9.
Breeding for oil palm resistance against basal stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense is challenging and time-consuming. Advanced oil palm gene pools are very limited, hence it is assumed that parental palms have experienced genetic drift and lost their resistance genes against Ganoderma. High-throughput selection criteria should be developed. Metabolomic analysis using H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is easy, and the resulting metabolite can be used as a diagnostic tool for detecting disease in various host-pathogen combinations.
The objective of this study was to identify metabolite variations in Dura (D) and Pisifera (P) parental palms with different resistance levels against Ganoderma and moderately resistant DxP using H NMR analysis.
Leaf tissues of seven different oil palm categories consisting of: resistant, moderate, and susceptible Dura (D); moderate and susceptible Pisifera (P); resistant Tenera/Pisifera (T/P) parental palms; and moderately resistant DxP variety progenies, were sampled and their metabolites were determined using NMR spectroscopy.
Twenty-nine types of metabolites were identified, and most of the metabolites fall in the monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids compound classes. The PCA, PLS-DA, and heatmap multivariate analysis indicated two identified groups of resistance based on their metabolites. The first group consisted of resistant T/P, moderate P, resistant D, and moderately resistant DxP. In contrast, the second group consisted of susceptible P, moderate D, and susceptible D. Glycerol and ascorbic acid were detected as biomarker candidates by OPLS-DA to differentiate moderately resistant DxP from susceptible D and P. The pathway analysis suggested that glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were involved in the oil palm defense mechanism against Ganoderma.
A metabolomic study with H NMR was able to describe the metabolite composition that could differentiate the characteristics of oil palm resistance against basal stem rot (BSR) caused by G. boninense. These metabolites revealed in this study have enormous potential to become support tools for breeding new oil palm varieties with higher resistance against BSR.
培育对由胶孢炭疽菌引起的油棕基部腐烂病具有抗性的油棕具有挑战性且耗时。高级油棕基因库非常有限，因此人们认为亲本油棕经历了遗传漂变并失去了对胶孢炭疽菌的抗性基因。应该开发高通量选择标准。使用 H 核磁共振（NMR）光谱进行代谢组学分析很简单，并且所得代谢物可作为检测各种宿主-病原体组合中疾病的诊断工具。
本研究的目的是使用 H NMR 分析鉴定对胶孢炭疽菌具有不同抗性水平的杜拉（D）和皮西弗拉（P）亲本棕榈以及中度抗性 DxP 的代谢物变化。
从不同的油棕类别中采集了 7 种叶组织，包括：抗性、中度和易感杜拉（D）；中度和易感皮西弗拉（P）；抗性特内里拉/皮西弗拉（T/P）亲本棕榈；以及中度抗性 DxP 品种后代，并使用 NMR 光谱法测定其代谢物。
鉴定出 29 种代谢物，其中大多数代谢物属于单糖、氨基酸和脂肪酸化合物类别。PCA、PLS-DA 和热图多元分析表明，基于其代谢物，鉴定出两组抗性。第一组由抗性 T/P、中度 P、抗性 D 和中度抗性 DxP 组成。相比之下，第二组由易感 P、中度 D 和易感 D 组成。甘油和抗坏血酸被 OPLS-DA 检测为区分中度抗性 DxP 与易感 D 和 P 的生物标志物候选物。途径分析表明，甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢以及牛磺酸和次牛磺酸代谢参与了油棕防御胶孢炭疽菌的机制。
使用 H NMR 的代谢组学研究能够描述可区分油棕对胶孢炭疽菌引起的基部腐烂病（BSR）抗性特征的代谢物组成。本研究中揭示的这些代谢物具有巨大的潜力成为培育具有更高 BSR 抗性的新型油棕品种的支持工具。
