Clinical profiling, treatment characteristics and outcome in Behcet's Disease (BD)-A retrospective cohort study from Karnataka Rheumatology Association (KRA).

BACKGROUND

Behcet's disease (BD) has a heterogeneous and unpredictable phenotype that differs in various geographical areas.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the clinical phenotype & outcome of Behcet's disease(BD) from Karnataka, India and compare them with large cohorts from endemic regions.

METHODS

Databases of practising rheumatologists from Karnataka were reviewed to retrieve clinical characteristics, course of illness, prescribing information and outcome at last follow-up of patients clinically diagnosed as BD. The classification criteria, namely revised International criteria for Behcet's disease (rICBD) and International study group (ISG) criteria were applied. Outcome was defined as complete or partial remission, persistent disease or relapse.

RESULTS

We included 72 patients, equal gender distribution and mean age 37.4 ± 12.8 years from 8 rheumatology centres. Commonest presentations were recurrent oral aphthosis 58(80.6%), genital ulcers 36(50%) and ocular manifestations 40(55.6%). Three-quarters [51/72(70.8%)] fulfilled rICBD criteria whereas only half [36/72(50%)] fulfilled ISG criteria. Apart from glucocorticoids [53/72(73.6%)], frequently prescribed therapies were colchicine 39(54.2%) and azathioprine 35(48.6%). Eleven-patients received biologics(anti-TNF-α) and JAK inhibitors to treat severe organ involvement. HLA-B*51 and pathergy tests were positive in 27/45(60%) and 12/34(35.3%) patients respectively. Outcomes were documented in 94.4%(68/72) patients at median follow-up of 24 (12;36) months. Majority [46/68(67.6%)] had complete remission, 17/68(25%) had partial remission, 4/68(5.9%) had persistent while 1/68(1.5%) had relapsing course.

CONCLUSION

Majority of BD patients had orogenital aphthosis and ocular manifestations and an excellent response to treatment. Key Points • In our region, Behçet's Disease primarily manifests with recurrent oral aphthae and ocular involvement, with comparatively lower incidence of severe genital ulcers and neurological involvement than in endemic regions. • Apart from glucocorticoids, colchicine and azathioprine are the most commonly used agents. Biologics and JAK inhibitors are prescribed infrequently, primarily in cases of severe organ involvement. • A significant proportion of patients achieved either complete or partial remission during follow-up, with no observed mortality suggesting a milder disease course and better outcome compared to endemic regions. • Gender, HLA-B*51 status, and pathergy response did not exert any significant influence on the clinical profile or outcome in BD patients in Karnataka.