Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.
Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
Comput Biol Med. 2024 Sep;180:108935. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108935. Epub 2024 Aug 2.
The cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) response of the human body to Arctic-like environments helps delay or prevent cold injuries to peripheral regions, such as the hands and feet. To more comprehensively predict the thermal responses of these body regions to cold stress, here we extended our previously developed and validated anatomically accurate three-dimensional whole-body thermoregulatory human model by incorporating a new phenomenological formulation of the CIVD mechanism. In this formulation, we modulated the cyclic vasodilation and vasoconstriction flow of warm blood from the body core to the peripheral regions solely by determining the heat-transfer exchange between the skin and the surrounding environment, and deactivated it when the core body temperature decreased to 36.5 °C. In total, we calibrated and validated the model using eight distinct studies involving 153 unique male subjects exposed to 10 diverse experimental conditions, including cold-air exposure of the whole body as well as air exposure and cold-water immersion of the hand or the foot. With CIVD incorporated, the model predictions generally yielded root mean square errors (RMSEs) of <3.0 °C for skin temperature, which represented a reduction of up to 3.6 °C compared to when we did not consider CIVD. Similarly, the incorporation of CIVD increased the fraction of predictions within two standard errors of the measured data by up to 63 %. The model predictions yielded RMSEs for core body temperature of <0.2 °C. The model can be used to provide guidelines to reduce the risk of cold-related injuries during prolonged exposures to very-cold environments.
人体对北极样环境的冷诱导血管舒张 (CIVD) 反应有助于延缓或防止外周区域（如手和脚）的冷伤。为了更全面地预测这些身体区域对冷应激的热反应，我们通过纳入 CIVD 机制的新现象学公式扩展了我们之前开发并验证的解剖学精确的三维全身热调节人体模型。在该公式中，我们仅通过确定皮肤与周围环境之间的热传递交换来调节从身体核心到外周区域的温暖血液的循环扩张和收缩流动，并在核心体温降至 36.5°C 时使其失活。总共，我们使用涉及 153 名独特男性受试者的八项不同研究对模型进行了校准和验证，这些研究涉及 10 种不同的实验条件，包括全身暴露于冷空气以及手部或脚部暴露于空气和冷水浸泡。纳入 CIVD 后，模型预测通常使皮肤温度的均方根误差 (RMSE) 小于 3.0°C，与不考虑 CIVD 时相比，降低了高达 3.6°C。同样，纳入 CIVD 使预测数据中与测量数据相差两个标准差的比例最多增加了 63%。模型预测的核心体温 RMSE 小于 0.2°C。该模型可用于提供指导，以降低在长时间暴露于极冷环境中发生与寒冷相关的伤害的风险。
