School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
Water Res. 2024 Oct 1;263:122198. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122198. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
The cycling processes of elemental manganese (Mn), including the redox reactions of dissolved Mn(III) (dMn(III)), directly and indirectly influences the biogeochemical processes of many elements. Though increasing evidence indicates the widespread presence of dMn(III) mediates the fate of many elements, its role may be currently underestimated. There is both a lack of clear understanding of the historical research framework of dMn(III) and a systematic overview of its geochemical properties and detection methods. Therefore, the primary aim of this review is to outline the understanding of dMn(III) in multiple fields, including soil science, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, geochemistry, and water treatment, and summarize the formation pathways, species forms, and detection methods of dMn(III) in aquatic systems. This review considers how the characteristics of dMn(III), the intermediate formed in the single-electron reaction processes of Mn(II) oxidation and Mn(IV) reduction, determines its participation in environmental geochemical processes. Its widespread presence in diverse water systems and active redox properties coupling with various elements confirm its significant role in natural elemental geochemistry cycle and artificial water treatment processes. Therefore, further investigation into the role of dissolved Mn(III) in aquatic systems is warranted to unravel unexplored coupled elemental redox reaction processes mediated by dissolved Mn(III), filling in the gaps in our understanding of manganese environmental geochemistry, and providing a theoretical basis for recognizing the role of dMn(III) role in water treatment technologies.
元素锰（Mn）的循环过程，包括溶解态 Mn(III)（dMn(III)）的氧化还原反应，直接或间接地影响着许多元素的生物地球化学过程。尽管越来越多的证据表明广泛存在的溶解态 Mn(III) 介导了许多元素的命运，但它的作用可能被低估了。目前，人们既缺乏对溶解态 Mn(III) 历史研究框架的清晰理解，也缺乏对其地球化学性质和检测方法的系统概述。因此，本综述的主要目的是概述溶解态 Mn(III) 在土壤科学、分析化学、生物化学、地球化学和水处理等多个领域的研究进展，并总结水生系统中溶解态 Mn(III)的形成途径、物质形态和检测方法。本综述考虑了溶解态 Mn(III) 的特性，即 Mn(II)氧化和 Mn(IV)还原中单电子反应过程中形成的中间产物，如何决定其参与环境地球化学过程。溶解态 Mn(III) 广泛存在于各种水体中，具有活跃的氧化还原性质，并与各种元素耦合，这证实了它在自然元素地球化学循环和人工水处理过程中的重要作用。因此，有必要进一步研究溶解态 Mn(III) 在水生系统中的作用，以揭示溶解态 Mn(III) 介导的未被探索的耦合元素氧化还原反应过程，填补我们对锰环境地球化学理解的空白，并为认识溶解态 Mn(III) 在水处理技术中的作用提供理论依据。
