Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Sep;178:117248. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117248. Epub 2024 Aug 3.
Exosome-nanoparticle hybrid nanoplatforms, can be prepared by combining exosomes with different types of nanoparticles. The main purpose of combining exosomes with nanoparticles is to overcome the limitations of using each of them as drug delivery systems. Using nanoparticles for drug delivery has some limitations, such as high immunogenicity, poor cellular uptake, low biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, low stability, and rapid clearance by immune cells. However, using exosomes as drug delivery systems also has its own drawbacks, such as poor encapsulation efficiency, low production yield, and the inability to load large molecules. These limitations can be addressed by utilizing hybrid nanoplatforms. Additionally, the use of exosomes allows for targeted delivery within the hybrid system. Exosome-inorganic/organic hybrid nanoparticles may be used for both therapy and diagnosis in the future. This may lead to the development of personalized medicine using hybrid nanoparticles. However, there are a few challenges associated with this. Surface modifications, adding functional groups, surface charge adjustments, and preparing nanoparticles with the desired size are crucial to the possibility of preparing exosome-nanoparticle hybrids. Additional challenges for the successful implementation of hybrid platforms in medical treatments and diagnostics include scaling up the manufacturing process and ensuring consistent quality and reproducibility across various batches. This review focuses on various types of exosome-nanoparticle hybrid systems and also discusses the preparation and loading methods for these hybrid nanoplatforms. Furthermore, the potential applications of these hybrid nanocarriers in drug/gene delivery, disease treatment and diagnosis, and cell/tissue imaging are explained.
外泌体-纳米粒子杂化纳米平台，可以通过将外泌体与不同类型的纳米粒子结合来制备。将外泌体与纳米粒子结合的主要目的是克服使用它们各自作为药物传递系统的局限性。使用纳米粒子进行药物传递有一些局限性，例如高免疫原性、细胞摄取率低、生物相容性差、细胞毒性、低稳定性和被免疫细胞快速清除。然而，使用外泌体作为药物传递系统也有其自身的缺点，例如封装效率低、产量低和无法装载大分子。这些局限性可以通过利用杂化纳米平台来解决。此外，利用外泌体可以实现杂化系统内的靶向递药。外泌体-无机/有机杂化纳米粒子将来可能用于治疗和诊断。这可能导致使用杂化纳米粒子的个性化医疗的发展。然而，这方面也存在一些挑战。表面修饰、添加功能基团、表面电荷调整和制备具有所需尺寸的纳米粒子对于制备外泌体-纳米粒子杂化体至关重要。成功实施杂化平台在医疗治疗和诊断中的另一个挑战包括扩大制造工艺规模，并确保在不同批次之间保持一致的质量和重现性。本综述重点介绍了各种类型的外泌体-纳米粒子杂化系统，并讨论了这些杂化纳米平台的制备和加载方法。此外，还解释了这些杂化纳米载体在药物/基因传递、疾病治疗和诊断以及细胞/组织成像中的潜在应用。
