Imms Kayla, Anika Maisha, Al-Shaikhli Seema Azim, Ali Maryam, Montesino Brittany, Khan Samara, Akhouri Shweta, Toonkel Rebecca L
Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St AHC2, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
Med Sci Educ. 2024 Apr 24;34(4):847-855. doi: 10.1007/s40670-024-02044-6. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Representation of female and minority physicians varies across specialties and may influence career selection by medical students. To investigate the effect of demographic concordance between medical students and clinical role models on specialty selection, we conducted a survey of graduating medical students to assess the perceived importance and influence of third-year clerkship experiences with demographically concordant preceptors on their choice of specialty for post-graduate training.
An 11-question survey was shared nationally through AAMC Organizational Student Representatives to medical students in the Class of 2023. Information gathered included demographics; specialty of choice; extent of exposure to preceptors of the same gender, race, or ethnicity during clinical clerkships; and perceived importance and influence of those interactions (Likert 1-5, Low-High) on specialty selection.
A total of 84 students responded. Female students ascribed more importance to gender concordance with preceptors on the third-year clerkship most associated with their specialty of choice than males [3.4 (SD 1.2) vs. 1.3 (SD 0.8) respectively, p < 0.0001] and greater influence to gender concordance on final specialty selection [2.37 (SD 1.1) vs. 1.31 (SD 0.8) respectively, p < 0.0001]. Non-Caucasians ascribed more importance to race/ethnicity concordance than Caucasians [2.8 (SD 1.4) vs. 1.2 (SD 0.5) respectively, p < 0.0001] and greater influence to race/ethnicity concordance on final specialty selection [2.0 (SD 1.3) vs. 1.1 (SD 0.4) respectively, p < 0.0001]. Caucasian females ascribed the greatest importance to gender concordance (p < 0.001), non-Caucasian females ascribed the greatest influence of gender concordance (p < 0.001), and non-Caucasian females ascribed both the greatest importance (p < 0.001) and influence (p < 0.001) to race/ethnicity concordance.
We found that gender and race/ethnicity concordance between students and clinical preceptors during third year clerkships is perceived as especially important and influential in specialty selection by minority and female medical students. These findings highlight the importance of diversity in gender and race/ethnicity representation by preceptors on clinical clerkships.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-024-02044-6.
女性医生和少数族裔医生在各专业中的占比不同，这可能会影响医学生的职业选择。为了研究医学生与临床榜样之间的人口统计学一致性对专业选择的影响，我们对即将毕业的医学生进行了一项调查，以评估他们在三年级临床实习期间与人口统计学上一致的带教老师的经历对其研究生培训专业选择的感知重要性和影响。
通过美国医学协会（AAMC）的组织学生代表向全国2023届医学生发放了一份包含11个问题的调查问卷。收集的信息包括人口统计学数据、所选专业、临床实习期间与同性、同种族或同民族带教老师接触的程度，以及这些互动对专业选择的感知重要性和影响（李克特量表1 - 5分，从低到高）。
共有84名学生回复。与男性相比，女性学生认为在与她们所选专业最相关的三年级临床实习中，与带教老师性别一致更为重要[分别为3.4（标准差1.2）和1.3（标准差0.8），p < 0.0001]，并且认为性别一致对最终专业选择的影响更大[分别为2.37（标准差1.1）和1.31（标准差0.8），p < 0.0001]。非白种人比白种人更重视种族/民族一致性[分别为2.8（标准差1.4）和1.2（标准差0.5），p < 0.0001]，并且认为种族/民族一致性对最终专业选择的影响更大[分别为2.0（标准差1.3）和1.1（标准差0.4），p < 0.0001]。白种女性认为性别一致最为重要（p < 0.001），非白种女性认为性别一致的影响最大（p < 0.001），并且非白种女性认为种族/民族一致性既最为重要（p < 0.001）又影响最大（p < 0.001）。
我们发现，三年级临床实习期间学生与临床带教老师之间的性别和种族/民族一致性，在少数族裔和女性医学生的专业选择中被认为特别重要且具有影响力。这些发现凸显了临床实习中带教老师在性别和种族/民族代表性方面多样性的重要性。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s40670 - 024 - 02044 - 6获取的补充材料。
