Bajwa Naila, Siddiqui Meha, Awais Muhammad, Rasool Alishba, Amin Ayesha, Khan Mahnoor, Afzal Saira
Community Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK.
Community Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Lahore, PAK.
Cureus. 2024 Jul 4;16(7):e63832. doi: 10.7759/cureus.63832. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Introduction Low birth weight (LBW) is a well-known contributing factor to neonatal health, emphasizing the importance of maternal health and socio-economic conditions. The birth weight of a newborn is a major public health problem, which is more common in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective The objective of this study is to assess the association of different socio-economic and maternal factors with LBW babies in Lahore. Methods This case-control study was carried out at the Obstetrics and Gynecological Department in Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from September 25, 2023 to December 31, 2023. A total of 186 mothers who delivered in the maternity ward, categorized into two groups (93 cases and 93 controls), were included and data was collected with the help of a self-administered structured tool. A chi-square test was used to identify maternal risk factors significant for LBW babies. The strength of association between maternal risk factors and LBW babies was presented using the odds ratio (OR) with the respective 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The study revealed that maternal anemia [OR: 3.378, 95% CI: 1.568, 7.275] and inadequate nutritional status [OR: 1.031, 95% CI: 0.014, 0.071] were more likely to cause delivery of LBW babies. Regarding socio-demographic factors, household income < 25000 [OR: 5.185, 95% CI: 2.770, 9.707] and illiterate mothers [OR: 3.325, 95% CI: 1.820, 6.074] were associated with increased likelihood of LBW babies. Maternal age < 20 had a strong association [OR: 10.920, 95% CI: 2.455,48.575] with delivery of LBW children. Conclusion The study concludes that multiple risk factors including anemia, inadequate nutritional status, household income < 25000, illiterate mother, and maternal age < 20 are strongly associated with LBW babies. It is apparent that a multimodal strategy is necessary to reduce the risk of LBW babies.
引言 低出生体重（LBW）是影响新生儿健康的一个众所周知的因素，这凸显了孕产妇健康和社会经济状况的重要性。新生儿出生体重是一个重大的公共卫生问题，在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）更为常见。目的 本研究的目的是评估拉合尔不同社会经济和孕产妇因素与低出生体重儿之间的关联。方法 本病例对照研究于2023年9月25日至2023年12月31日在巴基斯坦拉合尔梅奥医院妇产科进行。共有186名在产科病房分娩的母亲被纳入研究，分为两组（93例病例和93例对照），并借助自行设计的结构化工具收集数据。采用卡方检验来确定对低出生体重儿有显著影响的孕产妇风险因素。使用优势比（OR）及其各自的95%置信区间（CI）来呈现孕产妇风险因素与低出生体重儿之间的关联强度。结果 研究表明，孕产妇贫血[OR：3.378，95%CI：1.568，7.275]和营养状况不佳[OR：1.03 l，95%CI：0.014，0.071]更有可能导致低出生体重儿的出生。关于社会人口学因素，家庭收入<25000[OR：5.185，95%CI：2.770，9.707]和文盲母亲[OR：3.325，95%CI：1.820，6.074]与低出生体重儿出生可能性增加有关。孕产妇年龄<20岁与低出生体重儿出生有很强的关联[OR：10.920，95%CI：2.455，48.575]。结论 该研究得出结论，包括贫血、营养状况不佳、家庭收入<25000、文盲母亲和孕产妇年龄<20岁在内的多种风险因素与低出生体重儿密切相关。显然，需要采取多模式策略来降低低出生体重儿的风险。
