B Salman Marwa, Zin Eldin Asmaa Ibrahim Abdelaziz, Eissa Nourhan, Maher Ahmed, Aish Abd-Elghany, El-Moez Sherein I Abd
Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Center (NRC), Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center (NRC), Cairo, Egypt.
J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2024 Jun 8;11(2):306-316. doi: 10.5455/javar.2024.k778. eCollection 2024 Jun.
() is a zooanthroponotic, nosocomial, and community-associated pathogen that threatens livestock management and even public health. The goal of this investigation was to clarify the role of in zoonotic illnesses. Besides that, a novel trial was conducted in the current Egyptian study using oil extracts such as cactus oil, tea oil, geranium oil, and thyme oil to demonstrate the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) isolates to these organic oils in response to the alarming global concern regarding the decreased susceptibility of to known antibiotics, which exacerbates control and treatment protocols.
A total of 110 samples (45 raw cattle milk samples, 35 Karish cheese samples, and 30 human sputum samples) were collected. The bacterium was identified via traditional culturing methods, Gram staining, and the application of several biochemical tests. After that, various kinds of known commercial antibiotics were used to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility (AMS) of the obtained isolates. Furthermore, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was performed to identify ( gene) and MRSA (A gene), with further application of multiplex PCR for screening of all the obtained isolates for vancomycin resistance via targeting A, B, and C genes. Finally, the agar gel diffusion method was performed to assess the antibacterial activity of four plant extracts (cactus oil, tea oil, geranium oil, and thyme oil) against the obtained MRSA.
The culturing method revealed positivity in raw cattle milk (13.33%), in Karish cheese (28.57%), and in human samples (20%). The obtained isolates showed mainly resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic and ampicillin antibiotics, while the dairy samples showed further resistance against ceptaxime and an intermediate reaction against erythromycin. On the molecular side, PCR positivity was present in human samples (10%), raw cow milk (13.33%), and Karish cheese (14.29%). Nine of the fourteen PCR isolates were methicillin-resistant (MRSA) isolates. Comparing the four oil extracts against the acquired MRSA isolates, cactus oil extract proved to be the most effective.
The study's results are highly promising as they support the notion that certain essential oils possess strong antimicrobial properties against zoonotic , thereby reducing the excessive use of antibiotics in veterinary and medical settings.
（某病原体）是一种人畜共患、医院内感染及社区相关的病原体，对牲畜管理乃至公共卫生构成威胁。本调查的目的是阐明其在人畜共患病中的作用。除此之外，在当前的埃及研究中进行了一项新试验，使用仙人掌油、茶油、天竺葵油和百里香油等油提取物，以证明耐甲氧西林（某病原体）（MRSA）分离株对这些有机油的敏感性，这是针对全球对该病原体对已知抗生素敏感性降低的担忧做出的反应，这种情况加剧了控制和治疗方案的难度。
共收集了110份样本（45份生牛奶样本、35份卡瑞什奶酪样本和30份人类痰液样本）。通过传统培养方法、革兰氏染色及多种生化试验鉴定该细菌。之后，使用各种已知的商业抗生素检测所获分离株的抗菌敏感性（AMS）。此外，进行常规聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测以鉴定（某基因）和MRSA（A基因），并进一步应用多重PCR通过靶向A、B和C基因对所有所获分离株进行万古霉素耐药性筛查。最后，采用琼脂凝胶扩散法评估四种植物提取物（仙人掌油、茶油、天竺葵油和百里香油）对所获MRSA的抗菌活性。
培养方法显示生牛奶中该病原体阳性率为13.33%，卡瑞什奶酪中为28.57%，人类样本中为20%。所获分离株主要对阿莫西林 - 克拉维酸和氨苄西林抗生素耐药，而乳制品样本对头孢噻肟进一步耐药，对红霉素呈中度反应。在分子层面，人类样本中PCR阳性率为10%，生牛奶中为13.33%，卡瑞什奶酪中为14.29%。14株PCR分离株中有9株为耐甲氧西林（某病原体）（MRSA）分离株。将四种油提取物与所获MRSA分离株进行比较，仙人掌油提取物被证明是最有效的。
该研究结果很有前景，因为它们支持了这样一种观点，即某些精油对人畜共患的（某病原体）具有强大的抗菌特性，从而减少了兽医和医疗环境中抗生素的过度使用。
