Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro.
Clin Ter. 2024 Jul-Aug;175(Suppl 2(4)):180-182. doi: 10.7417/CT.2024.5111.
Gender-based violence against women and its lethal outcome, femicide, represent important issues around the world. Although governments have passed specific laws, official data on gender-related violence and femicide are often absent and/or incomplete, difficult to access, rarely updated, contested and underestimated due to stigma, victim blaming or issues of legal interpretation. Femicide is an intentional killing in which a woman is murdered by an individual for misogyny and gender-related reasons. The most common type is in fact intimate femicide, which occurs when the murdered woman and the aggressor have an intimate, family, cohabitation or similar relationship.
We analyzed 15 cases of femicide for which crime scene investigation and autopsy were carried out. For each case, a psychological autopsy was carried out and the means used to determine the individual's death were analysed. The circumstances in which the murder occurred were also examined.
Overkilling was evidenced in all cases analyzed. Over-killing in forensic medicine is known as a specific type of homicide in which the number of injuries inflicted far exceeds the number of injuries required to kill the victim. Therefore, the medico-legal management of the cases examined is complicated due to the multiple lesions present on the corpse on the victims which make difficult: 1) the reconstruction of the dynamics of the crime 2) the number of blows inflicted 3) the analysis of the fatal blow 4) the imputability of the offender.
针对妇女的性别暴力及其致命后果——杀害女性——是全球范围内的重要问题。尽管各国政府已经通过了具体的法律，但与性别相关的暴力和杀害女性的数据往往缺失和/或不完整，难以获取，且很少更新，由于耻辱感、指责受害者或法律解释问题，这些数据往往存在争议且被低估。杀害女性是指女性因厌恶女性和性别原因而被个人蓄意杀害。最常见的类型实际上是亲密关系中的杀害女性，即被谋杀的女性和攻击者之间存在亲密、家庭、同居或类似关系。
我们分析了 15 例经过犯罪现场调查和尸检的杀害女性案件。对每例病例，我们都进行了心理尸检，并分析了确定个人死亡的手段。还检查了谋杀发生的情况。
在所有分析的病例中都有过杀的证据。在法医学中，过杀被称为一种特定类型的杀人，其中所造成的伤害数量远远超过杀死受害者所需的伤害数量。因此，由于受害者尸体上存在的多种损伤，所检查病例的法医管理变得复杂，这使得：1）犯罪动态的重建变得困难；2）打击次数的分析变得困难；3）致命打击的分析变得困难；4）罪犯的可归责性变得困难。
