新生儿重症监护病房新生儿皮肤损伤：一项横断面研究。
Skin injuries in newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Neonatologia. Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Centro de Educação, Letras e Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil.
出版信息
Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2024 Aug 2;58:e20240058. doi: 10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2024-0058en. eCollection 2024.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the skin injuries of hospitalized newborns and identify factors related to the number of lesions.
METHOD
This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out over a period of one year in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in the west of Paraná. The study included 74 newborns with a score ≥5 on the Newborn Skin Condition Scale. Data analysis by chi-square and Pearson's test (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
The frequency was 25.4%, 59.4% had more than one lesion, mainly dermatitis and pressure injury. Birth characteristics were not related to the number of lesions. Not using antibiotics and parenteral nutrition, hemoglobin >11g/dl, phototherapy, pain score <4 and hospitalization >30 days were related to the number of lesions. The presence of two injuries led to longer healing time and three to longer hospitalization. A higher score on the Skin Condition Scale was related to healing time and late start of the diet.
CONCLUSION
Skin injuries were found to be infrequent among newborns, but there is still a need to improve practices to prevent and maintain skin integrity.
目的
分析住院新生儿的皮肤损伤情况，并确定与损伤数量相关的因素。
方法
这是一项在巴西南里奥格兰德州西部的新生儿重症监护病房进行的为期一年的横断面流行病学研究。该研究纳入了 74 名新生儿皮肤状况评分≥5 的新生儿。采用卡方检验和 Pearson 检验进行数据分析（p<0.05）。
结果
皮肤损伤的发生率为 25.4%，59.4%的新生儿有超过一个损伤部位，主要为皮炎和压力性损伤。出生特征与损伤数量无关。未使用抗生素和肠外营养、血红蛋白>11g/dl、光疗、疼痛评分<4 和住院时间>30 天与损伤数量有关。存在两处损伤会导致愈合时间延长，存在三处损伤会导致住院时间延长。皮肤状况评分较高与愈合时间延长和饮食开始较晚有关。
结论
新生儿皮肤损伤并不常见，但仍需改进实践以预防和保持皮肤完整性。
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