Rossouw Charné, Ryan Feargal J, Lynn David J
Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia.
FEBS J. 2025 Mar;292(6):1480-1499. doi: 10.1111/febs.17241. Epub 2024 Aug 5.
Antigen-specific B and T cell responses play a critical role in vaccine-mediated protection against infectious diseases, but these responses are highly variable between individuals and vaccine immunogenicity is frequently sub-optimal in infants, the elderly and in people living in low- and middle-income countries. Although many factors such as nutrition, age, sex, genetics, environmental exposures, and infections may all contribute to variable vaccine immunogenicity, mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiota is an important and targetable factor shaping optimal immune responses to vaccination. In this review, we discuss evidence from human, preclinical and experimental studies supporting a role for a healthy gut microbiota in mediating optimal vaccine immunogenicity, including the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the potential mechanisms through which this could occur and discuss strategies that could be used to target the microbiota to boost vaccine immunogenicity where it is currently sub-optimal.
抗原特异性B细胞和T细胞反应在疫苗介导的抗感染疾病保护中起着关键作用，但个体之间的这些反应差异很大，并且在婴儿、老年人以及低收入和中等收入国家的人群中，疫苗免疫原性常常未达最佳状态。尽管许多因素，如营养、年龄、性别、遗传、环境暴露和感染等，都可能导致疫苗免疫原性的差异，但越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群是塑造对疫苗最佳免疫反应的一个重要且可靶向的因素。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了来自人体、临床前和实验研究的证据，这些证据支持健康的肠道微生物群在介导最佳疫苗免疫原性（包括新冠疫苗的免疫原性）中所起的作用。此外，我们概述了这一过程可能发生的潜在机制，并讨论了在目前免疫原性欠佳的情况下，可用于靶向微生物群以增强疫苗免疫原性的策略。
