Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2024 Oct;8(10):1877-1888. doi: 10.1038/s41559-024-02500-x. Epub 2024 Aug 5.
Global change is associated with variable shifts in the annual production of aboveground plant biomass, suggesting localized sensitivities with unclear causal origins. Combining remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index data since the 1980s with contemporary field data from 84 grasslands on 6 continents, we show a widening divergence in site-level biomass ranging from +51% to -34% globally. Biomass generally increased in warmer, wetter and species-rich sites with longer growing seasons and declined in species-poor arid areas. Phenological changes were widespread, revealing substantive transitions in grassland seasonal cycling. Grazing, nitrogen deposition and plant invasion were prevalent in some regions but did not predict overall trends. Grasslands are undergoing sizable changes in production, with implications for food security, biodiversity and carbon storage especially in arid regions where declines are accelerating.
全球变化与地上植物生物量的年度产量变化有关，这表明存在局部敏感性，但原因尚不清楚。本研究将 20 世纪 80 年代以来的遥感归一化植被指数数据与来自六大洲 84 个草地的当代实地数据相结合，结果表明，全球范围内的站点水平生物量差异正在扩大，范围从+51%到-34%。生物量普遍在温暖、湿润和物种丰富的地区增加，这些地区的生长季节更长，而在物种稀少的干旱地区则减少。物候变化普遍存在，揭示了草原季节性循环的实质性转变。放牧、氮沉降和植物入侵在一些地区很普遍，但不能预测总体趋势。草原的生产力正在发生巨大变化，这对粮食安全、生物多样性和碳储存都有影响，特别是在干旱地区，那里的下降速度正在加快。
