School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Front Immunol. 2024 Jul 22;15:1386658. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386658. eCollection 2024.
Alcohol ingestion is a widespread habituation that evolved along with a growing population, altering physiological conditions through immunomodulatory function. There is much research that has reported that consumption of alcohol at low and heavy levels causes different biological impacts, including cellular injury, leading to systemic dysfunction and increased inflammatory markers. In the fate of professional phagocytic cells, efferocytosis is an inevitable mechanism activated by the apoptotic cells, thus eliminating them and preventing the accumulation of cell corpses/debris in the microenvironment. Subsequently, it promotes the tissue repair mechanism and maintains cellular homeostasis. Unfortunately, defective efferocytosis is widely found in several inflammatory and age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, lung injury, fatty liver disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Alcohol abuse is one of the factors that provoke an immune response that increases the rate of morbidity and mortality in parallel in systemic disease patients. Information regarding the emergence of immunomodulation during alcoholic pathogenesis and its association with efferocytosis impairment remain elusive. Hence, here in this review, we discussed the mechanism of efferocytosis, the role of defective efferocytosis in inflammatory diseases, and the role of alcohol on efferocytosis impairment.
饮酒是一种广泛存在的习惯，随着人口的增长而演变，通过免疫调节功能改变生理状况。有大量研究报告称，低水平和高水平饮酒会导致不同的生物学影响，包括细胞损伤，导致全身功能障碍和炎症标志物增加。在专业吞噬细胞的命运中，吞噬作用是凋亡细胞激活的必然机制，从而清除它们，防止细胞尸体/碎片在微环境中积累。随后，它促进组织修复机制并维持细胞内稳态。不幸的是，吞噬作用缺陷广泛存在于几种炎症性和与年龄相关的疾病中，如动脉粥样硬化、自身免疫性疾病、肺损伤、脂肪肝疾病和神经退行性疾病。酗酒是引发免疫反应的因素之一，这种免疫反应会使系统性疾病患者的发病率和死亡率同步增加。关于酒精发病机制过程中免疫调节的出现及其与吞噬作用缺陷的关系的信息仍然难以捉摸。因此，在这篇综述中，我们讨论了吞噬作用的机制、吞噬作用缺陷在炎症性疾病中的作用以及酒精对吞噬作用缺陷的作用。
