Endoscopy-assisted high cervical anterolateral retropharyngeal approach to clivus: a cadaveric study.

INTRODUCTION

The surgical management of pathologies involving the clivus and craniocervical junction has always been considered a complex procedure because of the deeply located surgical targets and the surrounding complex neural and vascular anatomical structures. The most commonly used approaches to reach this area are the transnasal, transoral, and transcervical approaches.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This approach was performed unilaterally on five cadaver heads and bilaterally on one cadaver head.

RESULTS

We described a modified endoscope-assisted high cervical anterolateral retropharyngeal approach in which each stage of the procedure was demonstrated on human cadavers in a step-by-step manner using endoscopic camera views. This approach was broken down into nine steps. The neurovascular structures encountered at each step and their relationships with each other are demonstrated.

DISCUSSION

The advantages and disadvantages of our modified approach were compared to the conventional transcervical, transoral, and endoscopic endonasal approaches.