Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
Interdepartmental Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine (CIMER), Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
Methods Mol Biol. 2024;2835:269-275. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3995-5_22.
Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds provide cell support while improving tissue regeneration through amplified cellular responses between implanted materials and native tissues. So far, highly conductive cardiac, nerve, and muscle tissues have been engineered by culturing stem cells on electrically inert scaffolds. These scaffolds, even though suitable, may not be very useful compared to the results shown by cells when cultured on conductive scaffolds. Noticing the mature phenotype the stem cells develop over time when cultured on conductive scaffolds, scientists have been trying to impart conductivity to traditionally nonconductive scaffolds. One way to achieve this goal is to blend conductive polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole, PEDOT:PSS) with inert biomaterials and produce a 3D scaffold using various fabrication techniques. One such technique is projection micro-stereolithography, which is an additive manufacturing technique. It uses a photosensitive solution blended with conductive polymers and uses visible/UV light to crosslink the solution. 3D scaffolds with complex architectural features down to microscale resolution can be printed with this technique promptly. This chapter reports a protocol to fabricate electrically conductive scaffolds using projection micro-stereolithography.
三维（3D）支架在提供细胞支持的同时，通过增强植入材料与天然组织之间的细胞反应，促进组织再生。到目前为止，通过在电惰性支架上培养干细胞，已经成功构建了具有高度导电性的心脏、神经和肌肉组织。尽管这些支架是合适的，但与细胞在导电支架上培养时所显示的结果相比，它们可能并不是非常有用。科学家们注意到，当干细胞在导电支架上培养时，它们会随着时间的推移而逐渐表现出成熟的表型，因此一直在尝试为传统的非导电支架赋予导电性。实现这一目标的一种方法是将导电聚合物（聚苯胺、聚吡咯、PEDOT：PSS）与惰性生物材料混合，并使用各种制造技术生产 3D 支架。其中一种技术是投影微立体光刻术，这是一种增材制造技术。它使用一种光敏溶液，其中混合了导电聚合物，并使用可见光/紫外光使溶液交联。使用这种技术可以迅速打印出具有复杂建筑特征的微尺度分辨率的 3D 支架。本章报告了使用投影微立体光刻术制造导电支架的方案。
