Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Complement Ther Med. 2024 Sep;84:103071. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103071. Epub 2024 Aug 4.
We aimed to investigate the effects of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) on sleep in this systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until August 2023. All clinical trials that investigated the effects of chamomile on sleep, either in healthy or diseased adults, were eligible to enter the study. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95 % CI for the outcomes assessed by at least three studies with relatively consistent participants.
The systematic review included ten studies (772 participants). Meta-analysis was conducted for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score and sleep length. A significant reduction in PSQI score (WMD: -1.88, 95 %CI: -3.46, -0.31, I2: 88.4 %, n = 5) was found. For other outcomes, meta-analysis was not conducted. Sleep onset latency or ease of getting to sleep were improved in three of the four studies. Daytime functioning measures, including fatigue severity index or postpartum fatigue scale, did not change in all three studies. Sleep efficiency did not change in two studies and deteriorated in one. The number of awakenings after sleep or staying asleep was improved in two of the three studies. No adverse events were reported in any of the studies although passive surveillance was used to assess adverse effects except in one study. Only one study surveyed the blinding success and tested the purity and/or potency of the used products.
Chamomile improved sleep, especially the number of awakenings after sleep or staying asleep; however, it did not lead to an improvement in the duration of sleep, percentage of sleep efficiency, and daytime functioning measures. Future studies are suggested to assess objective measures.
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在研究甘菊（Matricaria chamomilla L.）对睡眠的影响。
检索了 PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Cochrane Library，检索时间截至 2023 年 8 月。所有研究甘菊对健康或患病成年人睡眠影响的临床试验均符合纳入标准。使用 Cochrane 工具评估研究质量。对于至少有三项研究采用相对一致的参与者评估结果的研究，采用随机效应荟萃分析来汇总加权均数差值（WMD）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
系统评价纳入了 10 项研究（772 名参与者）。对匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评分和睡眠时长进行了荟萃分析。PSQI 评分显著降低（WMD：-1.88，95%CI：-3.46，-0.31，I2：88.4%，n=5）。对于其他结局，未进行荟萃分析。有 3/4 项研究显示入睡潜伏期或入睡容易度得到改善。所有 3 项研究的日间功能测量指标，包括疲劳严重程度指数或产后疲劳量表，均未发生变化。有 2 项研究的睡眠效率没有变化，1 项研究的睡眠效率恶化。有 3 项研究中的 2/3 项研究显示睡眠后觉醒或保持睡眠的次数得到改善。虽然除了 1 项研究外，其他研究均采用被动监测来评估不良反应，但没有研究报告不良反应。仅有 1 项研究调查了盲法的成功率，并检测了所使用产品的纯度和/或效力。
甘菊改善了睡眠，尤其是睡眠后觉醒或保持睡眠的次数；然而，它并没有导致睡眠时间、睡眠效率百分比和日间功能测量指标的改善。建议未来的研究评估客观指标。
