Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2024 Sep 3;65(8):1344-1357. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcae074.
Hybridization generates biodiversity, and wide hybridization plays a pivotal role in enhancing and broadening the useful attributes of crops. The hybridization barrier between wheat and rice, the two most important cereals, was recently overcome by in vitro production of allopolyploid wheat-rice hybrid zygotes, which can develop and grow into mature plants. In the study, genomic sequences and compositions of the possible hybrid plants were investigated through short- and long-read sequencing analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based visualization. The possible hybrid possessed whole wheat nuclear and cytoplasmic DNAs and rice mitochondrial (mt) DNA, along with variable retention rates of rice mtDNA ranging from 11% to 47%. The rice mtDNA retained in the wheat cybrid, termed Oryzawheat, can be transmitted across generations. In addition to mitochondrial hybridization, translocation of rice chromosome 1 into wheat chromosome 6A was detected in a F1 hybrid individual. OryzaWheat can provide a new horizon for utilizing inter-subfamily genetic resources among wheat and rice belonging to different subfamilies, Pooideae and Ehrhartoideae, respectively.
杂交产生了生物多样性，广泛的杂交在增强和拓宽作物的有用特性方面发挥着关键作用。小麦和水稻是两种最重要的谷类作物，它们之间的杂交障碍最近通过体外生产异源多倍体小麦-水稻杂种合子克服了，这些杂种合子可以发育并生长成成熟的植物。在这项研究中，通过短读和长读测序分析以及基于荧光原位杂交（FISH）的可视化，研究了可能的杂种植物的基因组序列和组成。该可能的杂种植物具有全小麦核和细胞质 DNA，以及水稻线粒体（mt）DNA，mtDNA 的保留率从 11%到 47%不等。在小麦胞质杂种中保留的水稻 mtDNA，称为 Oryzawheat，可以跨代传递。除了线粒体杂交外，还在一个 F1 杂种个体中检测到水稻染色体 1 易位到小麦染色体 6A。OryzaWheat 可以为利用小麦和水稻这两种分别属于不同亚科的禾本科植物之间的亚家族遗传资源提供新的前景。
