Busting the Resistance: Antimicrobial Activity of Plant-Infused Nanoemulsions against .

The escalating antibiotic resistance rates in () are now a grave concern. There is a critical need for alternative treatment options for infection since has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics used for treatment. In this study, plant nanoemulsions from , , and were tested for their antimicrobial properties against The study also assessed the toxicity of these plant nanoemulsions using human erythrocytes. The plants were sourced from the Botanical Gardens in Durban, South Africa. Nanoemulsions were produced from the dried plants using established methods. The nanoemulsion-based plant extracts were tested against laboratory (World Health Organization (WHO) strains) and clinical isolates of using the disk diffusion method. All six isolates had zones of inhibition for the 1000 M concentration for all three nanoemulsion-based plant extracts. No zones of inhibition were observed for 100 M, 10 M, and 1 M nanoemulsion concentrations for five of the isolates. Isolate G176 had zones of inhibition at 1000 M and 100 M concentrations for the nanoemulsions of . Both the WHO strains had zones of inhibition appearing at the 1000 M concentration. For the WHO Y strain, zones of inhibition for both 1000 M and 100 M concentrations were observed for the nanoemulsions of and . According to the analysis, there was 0% haemolytic activity observed which suggests the nontoxic nature of the extracts. This study showed that the nanoemulsion and plant mix may potentially be used as a safer alternative to treat gonorrhoea.