Shokrollahi Borhan, Jang Sun-Sik, Lee Hyun Jeong, Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq, Sesay Abdul Rahman, Ghazikhani Shad Ali, Morammazi Salim, Abdelnour Sameh A
Department of Animal Science, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Jul 19;11:1435788. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1435788. eCollection 2024.
Adipose tissue, both intricate and fundamental to physiological functions, comprises cell types, including adipocytes, pivotal in secreting bioactive peptides known as 'adipokines.' Apelin (APLN), Visfatin (VSFTN), and Irisin (IRSN) are novel adipokines involved in regulating energy, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. APLN acts as an endogenous ligand for G-protein-coupled receptors, VSFTN is essential in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis, and IRSN is released from skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. Their influence spans various physiological domains, including insulin resistance and sensitivity, cardiovascular functions, angiogenesis, and reproductive systems. This review focuses on the potential roles of APLN, VSFTN, and IRSN in energy regulation mechanisms related to farm animal production. Despite accumulating evidence of their significance, comprehensive understanding is still emerging, with most studies based on model organisms. Thus, there's a pressing need for targeted research on farm animals. Addressing these knowledge gaps could pave the way for improved health strategies, reproductive efficiency, and productivity in farm animals. Future research should focus on understanding the multifaceted interactions of these adipokines and their implications for promoting sustainable and effective animal production.
脂肪组织对生理功能而言既复杂又重要，它包含多种细胞类型，其中脂肪细胞在分泌被称为“脂肪因子”的生物活性肽方面起着关键作用。Apelin（APLN）、内脂素（Visfatin，VSFTN）和鸢尾素（Irisin，IRSN）是参与调节能量、碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂质代谢的新型脂肪因子。APLN作为G蛋白偶联受体的内源性配体，VSFTN在烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）生物合成中至关重要，而IRSN则从骨骼肌和脂肪组织中释放出来。它们的影响涉及多个生理领域，包括胰岛素抵抗和敏感性、心血管功能、血管生成以及生殖系统。本综述聚焦于APLN、VSFTN和IRSN在与家畜生产相关的能量调节机制中的潜在作用。尽管有越来越多的证据表明它们的重要性，但全面的理解仍在形成中，大多数研究基于模式生物。因此，迫切需要针对家畜进行有针对性的研究。填补这些知识空白可为改善家畜的健康策略、繁殖效率和生产力铺平道路。未来的研究应侧重于了解这些脂肪因子的多方面相互作用及其对促进可持续和高效动物生产的影响。
