Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, Lublin 20-950, Poland.
Micron. 2024 Nov;186:103692. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103692. Epub 2024 Aug 3.
Rhus typhina is a valuable plant used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries due to the presence of biologically active substances accumulated in its organs, especially in secretory structures, i.e. trichomes and secretory ducts. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the structure of glandular and non-glandular trichomes, as well as secretory ducts present in inflorescence peduncles of R. typhina. The chemical composition of the secretion produced by trichomes and ducts was assessed using histochemical techniques, including observations under brightfield and fluorescence microscopes. Two types of capitate glandular trichomes producing secretions with a similar composition and non-glandular trichomes exhibiting secretory activity were identified. The secretion of glandular trichomes was dominated by acidic and neutral lipids, essential oil, sesquiterpenes, and steroid-containing terpenes. The schizogenic secretory ducts located in the phloem produced a viscous milky substance with acidic polysaccharides, acidic lipids, phenolic compounds, and proteins. The secretion was released into the duct lumen through notches in the walls of the secretory epithelial cell facing the duct lumen. The location, type, and traits of the non-glandular trichomes and secretory structures, as well as the composition of the secreted products are considered important taxonomic features in the family Anacardiaceae and the Rhus genus. Additionally, these characters are important diagnostic markers for the pharmacobotanical identification of the species in medicinal and cosmetic raw materials. The various compounds present in the secretory structures of R. typhina may contribute to plant protection against pathogens or herbivory and probably play a role as attractants for pollinators and seed dispersers.
黄栌是一种有价值的植物，由于其器官中积累了生物活性物质，特别是在分泌结构中，如腺毛和分泌道，因此被广泛应用于制药、化妆品和食品工业。本文采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了黄栌花序花梗中存在的腺毛和非腺毛，以及分泌道的结构。采用组织化学技术评估了毛和道产生的分泌物的化学成分，包括在明场和荧光显微镜下的观察。鉴定出两种产生相似成分分泌物的头状腺毛和具有分泌活性的非腺毛。腺毛的分泌物主要由酸性和中性脂质、精油、倍半萜和含甾体的三萜组成。位于韧皮部的裂生分泌道产生一种粘稠的乳白色物质，其中含有酸性多糖、酸性脂质、酚类化合物和蛋白质。分泌物通过面对导管腔的分泌上皮细胞壁上的缺口释放到导管腔中。非腺毛和分泌结构的位置、类型和特征以及分泌产物的组成被认为是漆树科和黄栌属的重要分类特征。此外，这些特征也是药用和化妆品原料中该物种进行生药学鉴定的重要鉴别标志。黄栌分泌结构中存在的各种化合物可能有助于植物抵御病原体或食草动物的侵害，并可能作为传粉者和种子传播者的引诱剂发挥作用。
