PearResearch, Dehradun, India.
PearResearch, Dehradun, India.
Arch Med Res. 2024 Nov;55(7):103063. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103063. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
Air pollution is a critical global issue with extensive implications beyond respiratory health, significantly affecting neurological and psychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence establishes a link between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM < 2.5 µm), sulfur dioxide (SO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO) and heightened risks of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, ADHD, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Mechanistic pathways include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, microglial activation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Epidemiological studies indicate increased susceptibility among urban residents, particularly men, middle-aged individuals, and married persons, to the mental health impacts of air pollution. Additionally, socioeconomic factors, such as GDP per capita, access to health resources, green spaces, and sports facilities, modulate these health outcomes. Addressing this public health challenge necessitates stricter industrial emission controls, sustainable agricultural practices, promotion of cleaner energy sources, and incorporation of pollution exposure history into clinical assessments. Enhanced public awareness and interdisciplinary research are vital for mitigating the detrimental effects of air pollution on neurological and psychiatric health, ultimately striving for a cleaner and healthier environment for future generations.
空气污染是一个全球性的重大问题，其影响不仅限于呼吸系统健康，还对神经和精神疾病有重大影响。新出现的证据表明，细颗粒物（PM<2.5 µm）、二氧化硫（SO）和二氧化氮（NO）的暴露与痴呆、阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症、注意缺陷多动障碍、中风、帕金森病和多发性硬化症的风险增加有关。其机制途径包括神经炎症、氧化应激、小胶质细胞激活、脑血管功能障碍和血脑屏障破坏。流行病学研究表明，城市居民，特别是男性、中年人和已婚人士，更容易受到空气污染对精神健康的影响。此外，人均国内生产总值、获得卫生资源的机会、绿地和体育设施等社会经济因素也调节着这些健康结果。应对这一公共卫生挑战需要更严格的工业排放控制、可持续的农业实践、推广更清洁的能源以及将污染暴露史纳入临床评估。提高公众意识和跨学科研究对于减轻空气污染对神经和精神健康的不利影响至关重要，最终目标是为子孙后代创造一个更清洁、更健康的环境。
