Guo Jun, Wang Pei, Li Yuyao, Liu Yifan, Ye Yingtong, Chen Yi, Kankala Ranjith Kumar, Tong Fei
School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Aug 7;22(1):469. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02680-5.
On a global note, oral health plays a critical role in improving the overall human health. In this vein, dental-related issues with dentin exposure often facilitate the risk of developing various oral-related diseases in gums and teeth. Several oral-based ailments include gums-associated (gingivitis or periodontitis), tooth-based (dental caries, root infection, enamel erosion, and edentulous or total tooth loss), as well as miscellaneous diseases in the buccal or oral cavity (bad breath, mouth sores, and oral cancer). Although established conventional treatment modalities have been available to improve oral health, these therapeutic options suffer from several limitations, such as fail to eradicate bacterial biofilms, deprived regeneration of dental pulp cells, and poor remineralization of teeth, resulting in dental emergencies. To this end, the advent of nanotechnology has resulted in the development of various innovative nanoarchitectured composites from diverse sources. This review presents a comprehensive overview of different nanoarchitectured composites for improving overall oral health. Initially, we emphasize various oral-related diseases, providing detailed pathological circumstances and their effects on human health along with deficiencies of the conventional therapeutic modalities. Further, the importance of various nanostructured components is emphasized, highlighting their predominant actions in solving crucial dental issues, such as anti-bacterial, remineralization, and tissue regeneration abilities. In addition to an emphasis on the synthesis of different nanostructures, various nano-therapeutic solutions from diverse sources are discussed, including natural (plant, animal, and marine)-based components and other synthetic (organic- and inorganic-) architectures, as well as their composites for improving oral health. Finally, we summarize the article with an interesting outlook on overcoming the challenges of translating these innovative platforms to clinics.
从全球范围来看，口腔健康在改善人类整体健康方面发挥着关键作用。有鉴于此，牙本质暴露引发的牙齿相关问题往往会增加牙龈和牙齿出现各种口腔相关疾病的风险。一些口腔疾病包括牙龈相关疾病（牙龈炎或牙周炎）、牙齿相关疾病（龋齿、牙根感染、牙釉质侵蚀以及无牙或全牙缺失），以及口腔或口腔内的其他杂症（口臭、口腔溃疡和口腔癌）。尽管已有成熟的传统治疗方法来改善口腔健康，但这些治疗选择存在一些局限性，例如无法根除细菌生物膜、牙髓细胞再生不足以及牙齿再矿化效果不佳，从而导致牙齿急症。为此，纳米技术的出现促使人们从多种来源开发出各种创新的纳米结构复合材料。本综述全面概述了用于改善整体口腔健康的不同纳米结构复合材料。首先，我们着重介绍各种口腔相关疾病，详细阐述其病理情况、对人类健康的影响以及传统治疗方法的不足之处。此外，还强调了各种纳米结构成分的重要性，突出它们在解决关键牙齿问题（如抗菌、再矿化和组织再生能力）方面的主要作用。除了强调不同纳米结构的合成外，还讨论了来自多种来源的各种纳米治疗解决方案，包括天然（植物、动物和海洋）成分以及其他合成（有机和无机）结构，以及它们用于改善口腔健康的复合材料。最后，我们以有趣的视角总结了文章，展望如何克服将这些创新平台转化为临床应用所面临的挑战。
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