Nanomaterials offer significant potential for disease diagnosis and dental treatments due to their unique properties, such as a large surface area and nanoscale size. According to the World Health Organization, about 3.5 billion people worldwide regularly experience dental problems, which can cause significant suffering and disrupt the sufferer's everyday activities. Dental problems, such as dental caries (tooth decay), pulpitis (inflammation of the dental pulp), periodontal disease (gum disease), tooth fractures, and impacted wisdom teeth, necessitate a multidimensional approach, involving nanotechnology, dental materials, implants, etc., treating the underlying problem while providing symptomatic relief. This review discusses the role of nanotechnology in addressing major dental issues like dental caries, periodontal diseases, and tooth fractures. The collaborative endeavors of sophisticated nanomaterials facilitate their application in dental science, improving therapeutic efficacy and enhancing patient comfort and overall oral health.