Yong Jianping, Lu Shaoji, Lu Canzhong, Huang Ruiwen
Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2025;25(3):196-207. doi: 10.2174/0113895575316416240724043949.
Flu is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses. The influenza viruses are classified as (influenza A virus, IAV), (influenza B virus, IBV), (influenza C virus, ICV), and (influenza D virus, IDV) according to the antigenicity of nucleoproteins (NPs) and matrix (M) proteins . It is estimated that the seasonal influenza epidemics will cause about 3-5 million cases of serious illness and 290,000-650,000 deaths in the world every year, while influenza A virus is the leading cause of infection and death. Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the most critical targets for the development of anti-influenza virus drugs, and the main drugs clinically applied for the treatment of flu are neuraminidase inhibitors. However, various mutant strains have developed resistance to these inhibitors (For example, the substrains of H274Y in H1N1, H5N1, and E119V in H3N2 have developed resistance to Oseltamivir). Influenza viruses mutate frequently, and new substrains emerge constantly, and the pandemics caused by the new substrains will break out at any time. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new and wide-spectrum influenza virus inhibitors for overcoming the emerging influenza pandemic. Here, we focus on describing the progress of influenza virus inhibitors in clinics and clinical trials to provide a comprehensive reference for the researchers.
流感是一种由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道疾病。根据核蛋白（NP）和基质（M）蛋白的抗原性，流感病毒可分为甲型流感病毒（IAV）、乙型流感病毒（IBV）、丙型流感病毒（ICV）和丁型流感病毒（IDV）。据估计，季节性流感流行每年在全球将导致约300万至500万例严重疾病和29万至65万人死亡，而甲型流感病毒是感染和死亡的主要原因。神经氨酸酶（NA）是抗流感病毒药物研发的最关键靶点之一，临床上用于治疗流感的主要药物是神经氨酸酶抑制剂。然而，各种突变株已对这些抑制剂产生耐药性（例如，H1N1中的H274Y、H5N1亚株以及H3N2中的E119V已对奥司他韦产生耐药性）。流感病毒频繁变异，新的亚株不断出现，由新亚株引起的大流行随时可能爆发。因此，迫切需要开发新的广谱流感病毒抑制剂以应对新出现的流感大流行。在此，我们着重描述流感病毒抑制剂在临床和临床试验中的进展，为研究人员提供全面的参考。
