De Guia Isaiah-Lorenzo, Eslick Shaun, Naismith Sharon L, Kanduri Swathi, Shah Tejal M, Martins Ralph N
Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia.
Faculty of Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2024 Jun 25;8(1):1009-1021. doi: 10.3233/ADR-230150. eCollection 2024.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, which is characterised by progressive memory loss and accumulation of hallmark markers amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles in the diseased brain. The current gold standard diagnostic methods have limitations of being invasive, costly, and not easily accessible. Thus, there is a need for new avenues, such as imaging the retina for early AD diagnosis. Sleep disruption is symptomatically frequent across preclinical and AD subjects. As circadian activity, such as the sleep-wake cycle, is linked to the retina, analysis of their association may be useful additions for achieving predictive AD diagnosis. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of human retina studies concerning the deposition of Aβ, the role of the retina in sleep-wake cycle, the disruption of sleep in AD, and to gather evidence for the associations between Aβ, the retina, and sleep. Understanding the mechanisms behind the associations between Aβ, retina, and sleep could assist in the interpretation of retinal changes accurately in AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的痴呆类型，其特征是患病大脑中出现进行性记忆丧失以及标志性标志物β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）和神经原纤维缠结的积累。当前的金标准诊断方法存在侵入性、成本高且不易获得的局限性。因此，需要新的途径，例如对视网膜进行成像以实现AD的早期诊断。在临床前和AD患者中，睡眠中断是常见症状。由于昼夜节律活动，如睡眠-觉醒周期，与视网膜相关，分析它们之间的关联可能有助于实现AD的预测性诊断。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们概述了关于Aβ沉积的人体视网膜研究、视网膜在睡眠-觉醒周期中的作用、AD中的睡眠中断，并收集Aβ、视网膜和睡眠之间关联的证据。了解Aβ、视网膜和睡眠之间关联背后的机制有助于准确解释AD中的视网膜变化。
