Causal association of juvenile idiopathic arthritis or JIA-associated uveitis and gut microbiota: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation study.

BACKGROUND

The gut microbiota significantly influences the onset and progression of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and associated uveitis (JIAU); however, the causality remains unclear. This study aims to establish a causal link between gut microbiota and JIA or JIAU.

METHODS

Using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GAWS) summary data, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis employing various methods, namely inverse variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, weighted mode, weighted median and MR-Egger regression methods, to assess the causal association between JIA or JIAU and gut microbiota. Sensitivity analyses, including Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analysis and MR-PRESSO, were performed to evaluate the robustness of the MR results. Subsequently, reverse MR analysis was conducted to determine causality between gene-predicted gut microbiota abundance and JIA or JIAU.

RESULTS

The MR analysis revealed a causal association between gut microbiota abundance variations and JIA or JIAU risk. Specifically, the increased abundance of genus (OR: 0.055, 95%CI: 0.006-0.103, = 0.026) and genus 3 (: 0.06, 95%CI: 0.003-0.117, = 0.041) correlated with an increased risk of JIA, while genus (OR: 0.833, 95%CI: 0.699~0.993, = 0.042) was associated with a reduced risk of JIA, among others. Sensitivity analysis confirmed MR analysis robustness.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides substantial evidence supporting a causal association between genetically predicted gut microbiota and JIA or JIAU. It highlights the significant role of intestinal flora in JIA or JIAU development, suggesting their potential as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prevention. These findings offer valuable insights to mitigate the impact of JIA or JIAU.