儿童有组织团体活动中的身体活动不平等：一项横断面研究。
Inequality in Physical Activity in Organized Group Settings for Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.
机构信息
Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
出版信息
J Phys Act Health. 2024 Aug 8;21(9):939-949. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2024-0053. Print 2024 Sep 1.
BACKGROUND
Adult-led organized settings for children (eg, classrooms) provide opportunities for physical activity (PA). The structure of setting time may influence inequalities (ie, unequalness) in the distribution of PA. This study examined differences in PA inequality by setting and time-segment purpose in time-segmented organized group settings for children.
METHODS
PA and setting meetings were assessed using accelerometer and video observation data from school, before-/after-school, and youth club groups (n = 30) for third- through sixth-grade children (n = 699) in 2 rural US communities. Meetings (n = 130) were time-segmented into smaller units (sessions; n = 835). Each session was assigned a purpose code (eg, PA). Accelerometer data were paired with the meetings and sessions, and the Gini coefficient quantified inequality in activity counts and moderate to vigorous PA minutes for each segment. Beta generalized estimating equations examined differences in PA inequality by setting and session purpose.
RESULTS
Activity count inequality was lowest (P < .05) during youth club meetings (Gini = 0.17, 95% CI, 0.14-0.20), and inequality in moderate to vigorous PA minutes was greatest (P < .01) during school (Gini = 0.34, 95% CI, 0.30-0.38). Organized PA sessions (Gini = 0.20, 95% CI, 0.17-0.23) had lower activity count inequality (P < .0001) than academic (Gini = 0.30, 95% CI, 0.27-0.34), enrichment (Gini = 0.31, 95% CI, 0.27-0.36), and nonactive recreation (Gini = 0.30, 95% CI, 0.25-0.34) sessions. Inequality in moderate to vigorous PA minutes was lower (P < .05) in organized PA (Gini = 0.26, 95% CI, 0.20-0.32) and free play (Gini = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.19-0.39) than other sessions.
CONCLUSIONS
PA inequality differed by setting time structure, with lower inequality during organized PA sessions. The Gini coefficient can illuminate PA inequalities in organized settings and may inform population PA improvement efforts in rural communities.
背景
为儿童提供的成人主导的有组织的环境（例如教室）为体育活动（PA）提供了机会。设置时间的结构可能会影响 PA 分布的不平等（即不平等）。本研究通过时间分段的组织群体设置检查了 PA 不平等的差异。
方法
使用加速度计和视频观察数据从美国 2 个农村社区的第三至六年级儿童（n = 699）的学校、课前/课后和青年俱乐部小组（n = 30）评估 PA 和设置会议。会议（n = 130）被细分为较小的单元（会议；n = 835）。为每个会议分配了一个目的代码（例如，PA）。将加速度计数据与会议和会议配对，并使用基尼系数量化每个时段活动计数和中等到剧烈 PA 分钟的不平等程度。β广义估计方程检查了设置和会议目的对 PA 不平等的差异。
结果
在青年俱乐部会议期间，活动计数的不平等程度最低（P <.05）（基尼系数= 0.17，95%置信区间，0.14-0.20），在学校期间，中等到剧烈 PA 分钟的不平等程度最大（P <.01）（基尼系数= 0.34，95%置信区间，0.30-0.38）。有组织的 PA 会议（基尼系数= 0.20，95%置信区间，0.17-0.23）的活动计数不平等程度较低（P <.0001）比学术会议（基尼系数= 0.30，95%置信区间，0.27-0.34）、丰富会议（基尼系数= 0.31，95%置信区间，0.27-0.36）和非活跃娱乐会议（基尼系数= 0.30，95%置信区间，0.25-0.34）。中等到剧烈 PA 分钟的不平等程度较低（P <.05）在有组织的 PA（基尼系数= 0.26，95%置信区间，0.20-0.32）和自由游戏（基尼系数= 0.28，95%置信区间，0.19-0.39）比其他会议。
结论
PA 不平等程度因设置时间结构而异，有组织的 PA 会议期间不平等程度较低。基尼系数可以阐明有组织环境中的 PA 不平等，并可能为农村社区的人口 PA 改善工作提供信息。
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