A Review on Coexisting Giants: The Interplay Between Acromegaly and Diabetes Mellitus.

Acromegaly is a rare disease caused mainly by pituitary adenoma, which results in elevated growth hormone (GH) levels and its primary mediator, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). The condition causes various complications, including cardiovascular, respiratory, neuropsychiatric, metabolic, and gastrointestinal complications, which affect the patient's quality of life. Metabolically, there has been an increased incidence of acromegaly-associated diabetes mellitus (DM), IGF-1 being the primary mediator, affecting the patient's overall morbidity/mortality and associated surge in cardiovascular events. In the current state of medicine, both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches in managing acromegaly-associated DM are validated, having their own individualistic positive or negative impact on glucose metabolism. This review article has compiled studies to demonstrate a link between acromegaly. It summarises the existing data on acromegaly associated with DM, explicitly understanding the effect of various medical treatments on glucose homeostasis.