Xiao Rui, Dong Li, Xie Bo, Liu Beizhong
Department of General Practice, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Jul 25;11:1414678. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1414678. eCollection 2024.
Traditional clinical studies have indicated a link between certain food intakes and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the causal relationships between different dietary habits and T2D remain unknown. Using Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches, we investigated the potential causal association between dietary habits and T2D risk.
We collected publicly available genome-wide association studies' summary statistics for 18 dietary habits from the UK Biobank and T2D data from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium. We applied the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, supplemented with the MR-Egger method, weighted median method (WMM), simple method, weighted mode, MR-Egger regression, and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test to determine whether a particular diet was causal for T2D.
Reliable and robust MR estimates demonstrated that poultry intake has a causal effect on a higher risk of T2D (IVW: OR 6.30, 95% CI 3.573-11.11, = 2.02e - 10; WMM: OR 5.479, 95% CI 0.2758-10.88, = 1.19e - 06). Conversely, dried fruit intake (IVW: OR 0.380, 95% CI 0.237-0.608, = 5.57e - 05; WMM: OR 0.450, 95% CI 0.321-0.630, = 3.33e - 06) and cereal intake (IVW: OR 0.455, 95% CI 0.317-0.653, = 1.924e - 05; WMM: OR 0.513, 95% CI 0.379-0.694, = 1.514e - 05) were causally associated with T2D as protective factors. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability and robustness of these findings.
Our study established the causal effects of poultry intake, dried fruit intake, and cereal intake on T2D, identifying poultry intake as a risk factor and the other two as protective factors. Further research into potential mechanisms is required to validate these novel findings.
传统临床研究表明某些食物摄入与2型糖尿病（T2D）之间存在联系，但不同饮食习惯与T2D之间的因果关系仍不清楚。我们使用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法，研究了饮食习惯与T2D风险之间的潜在因果关联。
我们从英国生物银行收集了18种饮食习惯的公开全基因组关联研究汇总统计数据，以及来自糖尿病遗传学复制与荟萃分析（DIAGRAM）联盟的T2D数据。我们应用逆方差加权（IVW）方法，并辅以MR-Egger方法、加权中位数方法（WMM）、简单方法、加权众数、MR-Egger回归以及MR多效性残差和异常值检验，以确定特定饮食是否是T2D的病因。
可靠且稳健的MR估计表明，家禽摄入量对T2D风险升高有因果效应（IVW：比值比6.30，95%置信区间3.573 - 11.11，P = 2.02e - 10；WMM：比值比5.479，95%置信区间0.2758 - 10.88，P = 1.19e - 06）。相反，干果摄入量（IVW：比值比0.380，95%置信区间0.237 - 0.608，P = 5.57e - 05；WMM：比值比0.450，95%置信区间0.321 - 0.630，P = 3.33e - 06）和谷物摄入量（IVW：比值比0.455，95%置信区间0.317 - 0.653，P = 1.924e - 05；WMM：比值比0.513，95%置信区间0.379 - 0.694，P = 1.514e - 05）作为保护因素与T2D存在因果关联。敏感性分析证实了这些发现的可靠性和稳健性。
我们的研究确定了家禽摄入量、干果摄入量和谷物摄入量对T2D的因果效应，将家禽摄入量确定为危险因素，而其他两者为保护因素。需要进一步研究潜在机制以验证这些新发现。
