Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak TR-67100, Türkiye.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2024 Oct 11;53(5):789-800. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvae070.
Oxyclozanide (OXY) is an anthelmintic widely used in the treatment of flatworm infection and fasciolosis. It also has antiadenovirus, antibiofilm, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. Various chemicals have been suggested as alternative chemicals in insect pest management. Here, the oxidative and genotoxic effects of OXY on 7th instars, pupae and adults of the model organism Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were examined. First-instar larvae were reared on 0.003, 0.03, 0.3, and 1.5 g OXY per 100 g artificial diets. Compared with all tested OXY concentrations and controls without OXY, dietary OXY led to increased antioxidant capacity and genotoxic effects. Concentrations of malondialdehyde, an oxidative stress marker, were significantly increased in adults of larvae reared on OXY-charged diets at 0.3 and 1.5 g/100 g compared to the adult control group. We also recorded a significant increase in the genotoxic test data (Tail length, Tail DNA %, Tail moment) at the same stages and concentrations. We recorded significant increases in glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities in larvae fed high OXY concentrations. SOD and catalase activities were also significantly increased at the concentration of 0.03 g/100 g of OXY in the pupal and adult stages. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity was significantly increased at the highest concentration of OXY in the larval and pupal stages. Also, our regression analysis indicates a correlation between the markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and comet parameters. These data indicate that OXY induces oxidative stress and antioxidative enzyme response.
氧氯氰菊酯（OXY）是一种广泛用于治疗扁形虫感染和片形吸虫病的驱虫药。它还具有抗腺病毒、抗生物膜、抗真菌和抗菌活性。人们已经提出了各种化学物质作为替代化学物质来进行害虫管理。在这里，我们研究了模型生物家蚕（Linnaeus）（鳞翅目：Pyralidae）的 7 龄幼虫、蛹和成虫中 OXY 的氧化和遗传毒性作用。首先在 0.003、0.03、0.3 和 1.5 g OXY/100 g 人工饲料中饲养初孵幼虫。与所有测试的 OXY 浓度和不含 OXY 的对照相比，膳食 OXY 导致抗氧化能力和遗传毒性作用增强。与成年对照组相比，在 0.3 和 1.5 g/100 g OXY 饲养的幼虫的成年个体中，丙二醛（氧化应激标志物）的浓度显著增加。我们还在相同的阶段和浓度下记录了遗传毒性测试数据（尾巴长度、尾巴 DNA%、尾巴矩）的显著增加。在喂食高 OXY 浓度的幼虫中，谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性也显著增加。在蛹和成虫阶段，SOD 和过氧化氢酶的活性也在 0.03 g/100 g OXY 的浓度下显著增加。细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶活性在幼虫和蛹阶段的 OXY 最高浓度下显著增加。此外，我们的回归分析表明，氧化应激标志物、抗氧化酶和彗星参数之间存在相关性。这些数据表明，OXY 诱导氧化应激和抗氧化酶反应。
