Zhou Qiqian, Lane Katie E, Li Weili
Functional Food Research Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK.
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Student Life Building, Copperas Hill, Liverpool L3 5AH, UK.
Foods. 2024 Jul 29;13(15):2407. doi: 10.3390/foods13152407.
The health benefits of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3PUFA) intake have been well documented. However, currently, the consumption of oily fish (the richest dietary source of LCn-3PUFA) in the UK is far below the recommended level, and the low digestibility of LCn-3PUFA bulk oil-based supplements from triglyceride-based sources significantly impacts their bioavailability. LCn-3PUFA-rich microalgal oil offers a potential alternative for populations who do not consume oily fish, and nanoemulsions have the potential to increase LCn-3PUFA digestibility and bioavailability. The aims of this study were to produce stable algal oil-in-water nanoemulsions with ultrasonic technology to increase DHA digestibility, measured using an in vitro digestion model. A nanoemulsion of LCn-3PUFA algal oil was developed with 6% / emulsifiers: lecithin (LE) or an equal ratio of Tween 40 (3%) and lecithin (LTN) (3%), 50% /, algal oil and 44% / water using rotor-stator and ultrasound homogenization. The in vitro digestion experiments were conducted with a gastric and duodenal digestion model. The results showed the creation of nanoemulsions of LCn-3PUFA algal oils offers potentially significant increases in the bioavailability of DHA in the human body. The increase in digestibility can be attributed to the smaller particle size of the nanoemulsions, which allows for higher absorption in the digestive system. This showed that the creation of nanoemulsions of LCn-3PUFA algal oils offers a potentially significant increase in the bioavailability of DHA in the human body. The LE and LTN nanoemulsions had average droplet sizes of 0.340 ± 0.00 µm and 0.267 ± 0.00 µm, respectively, but the algal oil mix (sample created with same the components as the LTN nanoemulsion, hand mixed, not processed by rotor-stator and ultrasound homogenization) had an average droplet size of 73.6 ± 6.98 µm. The LTN algal oil nanoemulsion was stable in the gastric and duodenal phases without detectable destabilization; however, the LE nanoemulsion showed signs of oil phase separation in the gastric phase. Under the same conditions, the amount of DHA digested from the LTN nanoemulsion was 47.34 ± 3.14 mg/g, compared to 16.53 ± 0.45 mg/g from the algal oil mix, showing DHA digestibility from the LTN nanoemulsion was 2.86 times higher. The findings of this study contribute to the insight of in vitro DHA digestion under different conditions. The stability of the LTN nanoemulsion throughout digestion suggests it could be a promising delivery system for LCn-3PUFAs, such as DHA, in various food and pharmaceutical applications.
摄入长链ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（LCn-3PUFA）对健康有益，这一点已有充分记录。然而，目前在英国，油性鱼类（LCn-3PUFA最丰富的饮食来源）的消费量远低于推荐水平，并且基于甘油三酯来源的LCn-3PUFA散装油基补充剂消化率低，这显著影响了它们的生物利用度。富含LCn-3PUFA的微藻油为不食用油性鱼类的人群提供了一种潜在的替代选择，而纳米乳剂有可能提高LCn-3PUFA的消化率和生物利用度。本研究的目的是利用超声技术制备稳定的水包油型藻油纳米乳剂，以提高DHA的消化率，并使用体外消化模型进行测量。使用转子-定子和超声均质技术，以6%/乳化剂（卵磷脂（LE）或吐温40（3%）与卵磷脂（LTN）（3%）的等比例混合物）、50%/藻油和44%/水制备了LCn-3PUFA藻油纳米乳剂。采用胃和十二指肠消化模型进行体外消化实验。结果表明，LCn-3PUFA藻油纳米乳剂的制备可能会显著提高人体中DHA的生物利用度。消化率的提高可归因于纳米乳剂较小的粒径，这使得其在消化系统中具有更高的吸收率。这表明，LCn-3PUFA藻油纳米乳剂的制备可能会显著提高人体中DHA的生物利用度。LE和LTN纳米乳剂的平均液滴尺寸分别为0.340±0.00 µm和0.267±0.00 µm，但藻油混合物（由与LTN纳米乳剂相同的成分制成，手工混合，未经过转子-定子和超声均质处理）的平均液滴尺寸为73.6±6.98 µm。LTN藻油纳米乳剂在胃和十二指肠阶段稳定且未检测到不稳定现象；然而，LE纳米乳剂在胃阶段显示出油相分离的迹象。在相同条件下，从LTN纳米乳剂中消化的DHA量为47.34±3.14 mg/g，而藻油混合物中为16.53±0.45 mg/g，表明LTN纳米乳剂中DHA的消化率高出2.86倍。本研究的结果有助于深入了解不同条件下的体外DHA消化情况。LTN纳米乳剂在整个消化过程中的稳定性表明，它可能是一种在各种食品和制药应用中用于递送LCn-3PUFA（如DHA）的有前景的递送系统。
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