Influence of Foliar Zinc Application on Cadmium and Zinc Bioaccessibility in L.: In Vitro Digestion and Chemical Sequential Extraction.

Foliar zinc (Zn) application can affect the accumulation and bioaccessibility of cadmium (Cd) and Zn in crops. However, the mechanisms by which foliar Zn application influences Cd and Zn bioaccessibility remain elusive. This study examined the effects of spraying ZnSO and ZnNaEDTA on bioaccessibility and chemical forms of Cd and Zn in pakchoi ( L.) shoots and evaluated human health risks via pakchoi consumption. Spraying ZnSO reduced the concentrations of ethanol-extractable (F) and deionized water-extractable (F) Cd, as well as the corresponding bioaccessible Cd concentrations (20.3-66.4%) and attendant health risks of Cd, whereas spraying high-dose ZnNaEDTA significantly increased the concentrations of both Cd forms and bioaccessible Cd. Spraying ZnSO and high-dose ZnNaEDTA significantly increased the concentrations of Zn in F and F and the corresponding bioaccessible Zn concentrations (0.8-8.3-fold). F and F were the primary sources of bioaccessible Cd and Zn, contributing more than 59% of the bioaccessible Cd and Zn. These results indicate that foliar Zn application can affect Cd and Zn bioaccessibility in pakchoi mainly by modulating Cd and Zn in F and F. These findings provide scientific support for the development of more efficient measures to produce safe and high-quality leafy vegetables from Cd-polluted soils.