Scott Matthew A, Harvey Kelsey M, Karisch Brandi B, Woolums Amelia R, Tracy Rebecca M, Russell Jason R, Engel Chanda L
Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79015, USA.
Prairie Research Unit, Mississippi State University, Prairie, MS 39756, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Jul 26;14(15):2186. doi: 10.3390/ani14152186.
Supplementing trace minerals is common in managing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in post-weaned cattle; however, its influence on host immunity and metabolism in high-risk cattle remains unclear. We aimed to assess the impact of three supplementation programs on liver and serum trace element concentrations and blood gene expression. Fifty-six high-risk beef steers were randomly assigned to one of three groups over 60 days: (1) sulfate-sourced Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (INR), (2) amino acid-complexed Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn (AAC), or (3) AAC plus trace mineral and vitamin drench (COMBO). Serum and liver biopsies for Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn at d0, d28, and d60 were analyzed from cattle free of BRD (n = 9 INR; n = 6 AAC; n = 10 COMBO). Differences and correlations of mineral concentrations were analyzed via generalized linear mixed models and Spearman's rank coefficients, respectively ( < 0.05). Whole blood RNA samples from healthy cattle (n = 4 INR; n = 4 AAC; n = 4 COMBO) at d0, d13, d28, d45, and d60 were sequenced and analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via glmmSeq (FDR < 0.05), edgeR (FDR < 0.10), and Trendy ( < 0.10). Serum and liver Cu and Co concentrations increased over time in all groups, with higher liver Cu in COMBO (487.985 μg/g) versus AAC (392.043 μg/g) at d60 ( = 0.013). Serum and liver Cu concentrations (ρ = 0.579, = 6.59 × 10) and serum and liver Co concentrations (ρ = 0.466, = 2.80 × 10) were linearly correlated. Minimal gene expression differences were found between AAC versus COMBO (n = 2 DEGs) and INR versus COMBO (n = 0 DEGs) over time. AAC versus INR revealed 107 DEGs (d13-d60) with increased traits in AAC including metabolism of carbohydrates/fat-soluble vitamins, antigen presentation, ATPase activity, and B- and T-cell activation, while osteoclast differentiation and neutrophil degranulation decreased in AAC compared to INR. Our study identifies gene expression differences in high-risk cattle fed inorganic or amino acid-complexed mineral supplements, revealing adaptive immune and metabolic mechanisms that may be improved by organically sourced supplementation.
在断奶后的犊牛中补充微量矿物质是控制牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）的常见做法；然而，其对高危牛的宿主免疫和代谢的影响仍不清楚。我们旨在评估三种补充方案对肝脏和血清微量元素浓度以及血液基因表达的影响。56头高危肉牛在60天内被随机分为三组：（1）硫酸盐来源的铜、钴、锰和锌（INR），（2）氨基酸络合的铜、锰、钴和锌（AAC），或（3）AAC加微量矿物质和维生素灌服剂（COMBO）。在第0天、第28天和第60天对无BRD的牛（INR组n = 9；AAC组n = 6；COMBO组n = 10）进行血清和肝脏活检，分析铜、钴、锰和锌的含量。分别通过广义线性混合模型和Spearman秩系数分析矿物质浓度的差异和相关性（P < 0.05）。对第0天、第13天、第28天、第45天和第60天健康牛（INR组n = 4；AAC组n = 4；COMBO组n = 4）的全血RNA样本进行测序，并通过glmmSeq（FDR < 0.05）、edgeR（FDR < 0.10）和Trendy（P < 0.10）分析差异表达基因（DEG）。所有组的血清和肝脏铜和钴浓度随时间增加，在第60天时，COMBO组的肝脏铜含量（487.985μg/g）高于AAC组（392.043μg/g）（P = 0.013）。血清和肝脏铜浓度（ρ = 0.579，P = 6.59×10⁻⁴）以及血清和肝脏钴浓度（ρ = 0.466，P = 2.80×10⁻²）呈线性相关。随着时间的推移，AAC组与COMBO组（2个DEG）以及INR组与COMBO组（0个DEG）之间发现的基因表达差异最小。AAC组与INR组相比，有107个DEG（第13天至第60天），AAC组中增加的特征包括碳水化合物/脂溶性维生素的代谢、抗原呈递、ATP酶活性以及B细胞和T细胞的激活，而与INR组相比，AAC组中的破骨细胞分化和中性粒细胞脱颗粒减少。我们的研究确定了喂食无机或氨基酸络合矿物质补充剂的高危牛的基因表达差异，揭示了可能通过有机来源的补充剂得到改善的适应性免疫和代谢机制。
