Li Yingqi, Zhang Tingan, Dou Zhihe, Xie Wei, Lan Chuidai, Li Guangtao
Key Laboratory of Ecological Metallurgy of Multi-Metal Intergrown Ores of Ministry of Education, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Jul 25;17(15):3686. doi: 10.3390/ma17153686.
The addition of rare earth metals to aluminum alloys can effectively improve their corrosion resistance and has been widely used in the aerospace and military industries. However, the current methods for the preparation of rare earth metals involve long processing steps, high energy consumption, and high carbon emissions, which severely constrains the development of aluminum alloys. Its output is further developed. To this end, this paper reviews mainstream rare earth production processes (precipitation methods, microemulsion methods, roasting-sulfuric acid leaching methods, electrochemical methods, solvent extraction methods, and ion exchange methods) to provide basic information for the green smelting of rare earth metals and help promote the development of green rare earth smelting. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each process as well as recent research results, the optimal process parameters and production efficiency were summarized. Studies have concluded that the precipitation method is mostly used for the recovery of rare earth elements and related valuable metals from solid waste; the microemulsion method is mostly used for the preparation of nanosized rare earth alloys by doping; the roasting-sulfuric acid leaching method is mostly used for the treatment of raw rare earth ores; and the molten salt electrolysis method is a more specific method. This is a green and environmentally friendly production process. The results of this study can provide direction for the realization of green rare earth smelting and provide a reference for improving the existing rare earth smelting process.
在铝合金中添加稀土金属可以有效提高其耐腐蚀性，并且已在航空航天和军事工业中得到广泛应用。然而，目前稀土金属的制备方法存在加工步骤长、能源消耗高和碳排放量大等问题，这严重制约了铝合金的进一步发展。为此，本文综述了主流的稀土生产工艺（沉淀法、微乳液法、焙烧 - 硫酸浸出法、电化学法、溶剂萃取法和离子交换法），为稀土金属的绿色冶炼提供基础信息，并有助于推动绿色稀土冶炼的发展。基于各工艺的优缺点以及近期研究成果，总结了最佳工艺参数和生产效率。研究得出，沉淀法主要用于从固体废物中回收稀土元素和相关有价金属；微乳液法主要用于通过掺杂制备纳米级稀土合金；焙烧 - 硫酸浸出法主要用于处理原生稀土矿石；而熔盐电解法是一种更具特色的方法，这是一种绿色环保的生产工艺。本研究结果可为实现绿色稀土冶炼提供方向，并为改进现有稀土冶炼工艺提供参考。
