Bajda Tomasz, Grela Agnieszka, Pamuła Justyna, Kuc Joanna, Klimek Agnieszka, Matusik Jakub, Franus Wojciech, Alagarsamy Santhana Krishna Kumar, Danek Tomasz, Gara Paweł
Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Faculty of Environmental and Power Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Aug 3;17(15):3848. doi: 10.3390/ma17153848.
Pharmaceutical drugs, including antibiotics and hormonal agents, pose a significant threat to environmental and public health due to their persistent presence in aquatic environments. Colistin (KOL), fluoxetine (FLUO), amoxicillin (AMO), and 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EST) are pharmaceuticals (PhCs) that frequently exceed regulatory limits in water and wastewater. Current removal methods are mainly ineffective, necessitating the development of more efficient techniques. This study investigates the use of synthetic zeolite (NaP1_FA) and zeolite-carbon composites (NaP1_C), both derived from fly ash (FA), for the removal of KOL, FLUO, AMO, and EST from aquatic environments. Batch adsorption experiments assessed the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and pH on the removal efficiency of the pharmaceuticals. The results demonstrated that NaP1_FA and NaP1_C exhibited high removal efficiencies for all tested pharmaceuticals, achieving over 90% removal within 2 min of contact time. The Behnajady-Modirshahla-Ghanbary (BMG) kinetic model best described the adsorption processes. The most effective sorption was observed with a sorbent dose of 1-2 g L. Regarding removal efficiency, the substances ranked in this order: EST was the highest, followed by AMO, KOL, and FLUO. Sorption efficiency was influenced by the initial pH of the solutions, with optimal performance observed at pH 2-2.5 for KOL and FLUO. The zeolite-carbon composite NaP1_C, due to its hydrophobic nature, showed superior sorption efficiency for hydrophobic pharmaceuticals like FLUO and EST. The spectral analysis reveals that the primary mechanism for immobilizing the tested PhCs on zeolite sorbents is mainly due to physical sorption. This study underscores the potential of utilizing inexpensive, fly ash-derived zeolites and zeolite-carbon composites to remove pharmaceuticals from water effectively. These findings contribute to developing advanced materials for decentralized wastewater treatment systems, directly addressing pollution sources in various facilities.
包括抗生素和激素类药物在内的药品,因其在水生环境中的持续存在,对环境和公众健康构成重大威胁。黏菌素(KOL)、氟西汀(FLUO)、阿莫西林(AMO)和17-α-乙炔雌二醇(EST)是经常在水和废水中超过监管限值的药品(PhCs)。目前的去除方法大多无效,因此需要开发更高效的技术。本研究考察了由粉煤灰(FA)制备的合成沸石(NaP1_FA)和沸石-碳复合材料(NaP1_C)对水生环境中KOL、FLUO、AMO和EST的去除效果。批量吸附实验评估了接触时间、吸附剂用量、初始浓度和pH值对药物去除效率的影响。结果表明,NaP1_FA和NaP1_C对所有测试药物均表现出高去除效率,在接触时间2分钟内去除率超过90%。Behnajady-Modirshahla-Ghanbary(BMG)动力学模型最能描述吸附过程。吸附剂剂量为1-2 g/L时吸附效果最佳。在去除效率方面,这些物质的排序如下:EST最高,其次是AMO、KOL和FLUO。吸附效率受溶液初始pH值的影响,KOL和FLUO在pH 2-2.5时表现出最佳性能。沸石-碳复合材料NaP1_C因其疏水性,对FLUO和EST等疏水性药物表现出优异的吸附效率。光谱分析表明,将测试的PhCs固定在沸石吸附剂上的主要机制主要是物理吸附。本研究强调了利用廉价的粉煤灰衍生沸石和沸石-碳复合材料有效去除水中药物的潜力。这些发现有助于开发用于分散式废水处理系统的先进材料,直接解决各种设施中的污染源问题。