Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Molecules. 2024 Jul 23;29(15):3451. doi: 10.3390/molecules29153451.
The superfamily of acid proteases has two catalytic aspartates for proteolysis of their peptide substrates. Here, we show a minimal structural scaffold, the structural catalytic core (SCC), which is conserved within each family of acid proteases, but varies between families, and thus can serve as a structural marker of four individual protease families. The SCC is a dimer of several structural blocks, such as the DD-link, D-loop, and G-loop, around two catalytic aspartates in each protease subunit or an individual chain. A dimer made of two (D-loop + DD-link) structural elements makes a DD-zone, and the D-loop + G-loop combination makes a psi-loop. These structural markers are useful for protein comparison, structure identification, protein family separation, and protein engineering.
酸性蛋白酶超家族有两个催化天冬氨酸残基用于肽底物的蛋白水解。在这里，我们展示了一个最小的结构支架，即结构催化核心（SCC），它在每个酸性蛋白酶家族中都保守，但在家族之间有所不同，因此可以作为四个独立蛋白酶家族的结构标记。SCC 是由几个结构块组成的二聚体，如每个蛋白酶亚基或单个链中两个催化天冬氨酸残基周围的 DD 链接、D 环和 G 环。由两个（D 环+DD 链接）结构元件组成的二聚体构成 DD 区，而 D 环+G 环的组合构成 psi 环。这些结构标记对于蛋白质比较、结构鉴定、蛋白质家族分离和蛋白质工程都很有用。
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