Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 23;25(15):8020. doi: 10.3390/ijms25158020.
Recent research into laminopathic lipodystrophies-rare genetic disorders caused by mutations in the LMNA gene-has greatly expanded our knowledge of their complex pathology and metabolic implications. These disorders, including Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), Mandibuloacral Dysplasia (MAD), and Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD), serve as crucial models for studying accelerated aging and metabolic dysfunction, enhancing our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Research on laminopathies has highlighted how mutations disrupt adipose tissue function and metabolic regulation, leading to altered fat distribution and metabolic pathway dysfunctions. Such insights improve our understanding of the pathophysiological interactions between genetic anomalies and metabolic processes. This review merges current knowledge on the phenotypic classifications of these diseases and their associated metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic syndrome, all of which elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. Additionally, a range of published therapeutic strategies, including gene editing, antisense oligonucleotides, and novel pharmacological interventions aimed at addressing defective adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism, will be explored. These therapies target the core dysfunctional lamin A protein, aiming to mitigate symptoms and provide a foundation for addressing similar metabolic and genetic disorders.
最近对层粘连蛋白病的研究——由 LMNA 基因突变引起的罕见遗传性疾病——极大地扩展了我们对其复杂病理学和代谢影响的认识。这些疾病包括亨廷顿病样脂肪营养不良(HGPS)、下颌骨面骨发育不良(MAD)和家族性部分脂肪营养不良(FPLD),它们是研究加速衰老和代谢功能障碍的重要模型,增强了我们对涉及的细胞和分子机制的理解。层粘连蛋白病的研究强调了突变如何破坏脂肪组织功能和代谢调节,导致脂肪分布改变和代谢途径功能障碍。这些见解提高了我们对遗传异常与代谢过程之间病理生理相互作用的理解。本综述融合了这些疾病的表型分类及其相关代谢并发症的最新知识,如胰岛素抵抗、高甘油三酯血症、肝脂肪变性和代谢综合征,所有这些都增加了心血管疾病、中风和糖尿病的风险。此外,还将探讨一系列已发表的治疗策略,包括基因编辑、反义寡核苷酸和针对脂肪细胞分化和脂质代谢缺陷的新型药物干预,这些疗法针对核心功能失调的层粘连蛋白 A 蛋白,旨在减轻症状并为解决类似的代谢和遗传疾病提供基础。
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