Morales-Becerril Aideé, Aranda-Lara Liliana, Isaac-Olivé Keila, Ocampo-García Blanca E, Morales-Ávila Enrique
Laboratorio de Toxicología y Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México 50120, México.
Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México 50180, México.
EXCLI J. 2022 Aug 1;21:1028-1052. doi: 10.17179/excli2022-4975. eCollection 2022.
The term nanocarrier refers to sub-micrometric particles of less than 100 nm, designed to transport, distribute, and release nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. siRNA therapy is a novel strategy that has great utility for a variety of treatments, however naked siRNA delivery has not been an effective strategy, resulting in the necessary use of nanocarriers for delivery. This review aims to highlight the versatility of carriers based on smart drug delivery systems. The nanocarriers based on nanoparticles as siRNA DDS have provided a set of very attractive advantages related to improved physicochemical properties, such as high surface-to-volume ratio, versatility to package siRNA, provide a dual function to both protect extracellular barriers that lead to elimination and overcome intracellular barriers limiting cytosolic delivery, and possible chemical modifications on the nanoparticle surface to improve stability and targeting. Lipid and polymeric nanocarriers have proven to be stable, biocompatible, and effective , further exploration of the development of new nanocarriers is needed to obtain safe and biocompatible tools for effective therapy.
纳米载体一词指的是小于100纳米的亚微米级颗粒，旨在运输、分布和释放基于纳米技术的药物递送系统。siRNA疗法是一种对多种治疗具有很大实用性的新型策略，然而，裸siRNA递送并非一种有效的策略，因此有必要使用纳米载体进行递送。本综述旨在强调基于智能药物递送系统的载体的多功能性。基于纳米颗粒的纳米载体作为siRNA药物递送系统具有一系列非常吸引人的优势，这些优势与改善物理化学性质有关，例如高表面积与体积比、包装siRNA的多功能性、提供双重功能以保护导致清除的细胞外屏障并克服限制胞质递送的细胞内屏障，以及在纳米颗粒表面进行可能的化学修饰以提高稳定性和靶向性。脂质和聚合物纳米载体已被证明是稳定的、生物相容的且有效的，需要进一步探索新型纳米载体的开发，以获得用于有效治疗的安全且生物相容的工具。
