Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 25;25(15):8108. doi: 10.3390/ijms25158108.
Inflammatory processes in the brain can exert important neuroprotective functions. However, in neurological and psychiatric disorders, it is often detrimental due to chronic microglial over-activation and the dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines. Growing evidence indicates the emerging yet prominent pathophysiological role of neuroinflammation in the development and progression of these disorders. Despite recent advances, there is still a pressing need for effective therapies, and targeting neuroinflammation is a promising approach. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of a marketed and quantified proprietary herbal extract of leaves called EGb 761 (10-500 µg/mL) in BV2 microglial cells stimulated by LPS (10 ng/mL). Our results demonstrate significant inhibition of LPS-induced expression and release of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and chemokines C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), CXCL10, c-c motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL3 in BV2 microglial cells. The observed effects are possibly mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, as well as the protein kinase C (PKC) and the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling cascades. The findings of this in vitro study highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of EGb 761 and its therapeutic potential, making it an emerging candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases and warranting further research in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
大脑中的炎症过程可以发挥重要的神经保护功能。然而，在神经和精神疾病中，由于慢性小胶质细胞过度激活以及细胞因子和趋化因子的失调，它通常是有害的。越来越多的证据表明，神经炎症在这些疾病的发展和进展中具有新兴但突出的病理生理作用。尽管最近取得了进展，但仍迫切需要有效的治疗方法，而靶向神经炎症是一种有前途的方法。因此，在这项研究中，我们研究了一种已上市的、定量的专利草药提取物 叶 EGb 761（10-500 µg/mL）在 LPS（10 ng/mL）刺激的 BV2 小胶质细胞中的抗神经炎症潜力。我们的结果表明，EGb 761 显著抑制 LPS 诱导的细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素 6（IL-6）以及趋化因子 C-X-C 基序趋化因子配体 2（CXCL2）、CXCL10、c-c 基序趋化因子配体 2（CCL2）和 CCL3 在 BV2 小胶质细胞中的表达和释放。观察到的作用可能是通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）、p38 MAPK 和 ERK1/2 以及蛋白激酶 C（PKC）和核因子（NF）-κB 信号级联来介导的。这项体外研究的结果强调了 EGb 761 的抗炎特性及其治疗潜力，使其成为治疗神经炎症性疾病的新兴候选药物，并值得在临床前和临床环境中进一步研究。
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