Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
Anatomy Pathology Institute, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 1;25(15):8390. doi: 10.3390/ijms25158390.
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent a subset of the mesenchymal stem cells in every adipose compartment throughout the body. ADSCs can differentiate into various cell types, including chondrocytes, osteocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes. Moreover, they exhibit a notable potential to differentiate in vitro into cells from other germinal lineages, including endothelial cells and neurons. ADSCs have a wide range of clinical applications, from breast surgery to chronic wounds. Furthermore, they are a promising cell population for future tissue-engineering uses. Accumulating evidence indicates a decreased proliferation and differentiation potential of ADSCs with an increasing age, increasing body mass index, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, or exposure to radiotherapy. Therefore, the recent literature thoroughly investigates this cell population's senescence mechanisms and how they can hinder its possible therapeutic applications. This review will discuss the biological mechanisms and the physio-pathological causes behind ADSC senescence and how they can impact cellular functionality. Moreover, we will examine the possible strategies to invert these processes, re-establishing the full regenerative potential of this progenitor population.
脂肪组织来源的干细胞（ADSCs）代表了体内每个脂肪隔室中间充质干细胞的一个亚群。ADSCs 可分化为多种细胞类型，包括软骨细胞、成骨细胞、肌细胞和脂肪细胞。此外，它们还表现出明显的体外向其他生殖谱系细胞分化的能力，包括内皮细胞和神经元。ADSCs 在临床上有广泛的应用，从乳房手术到慢性伤口。此外，它们是未来组织工程应用中很有前途的细胞群体。越来越多的证据表明，ADSCs 的增殖和分化能力随着年龄的增长、体重指数的增加、糖尿病、代谢综合征或放射治疗而降低。因此，最近的文献深入研究了这种细胞群体的衰老机制以及它们如何阻碍其可能的治疗应用。本综述将讨论 ADSC 衰老的生物学机制和生理病理原因，以及它们如何影响细胞功能。此外，我们还将研究可能的策略来逆转这些过程，重新建立这个祖细胞群体的完全再生潜力。
