University of Miami Hospital, Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 12th Avenue, Room 4078, Miami, FL 33136, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/JaylouVelez.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Surg Pathol Clin. 2024 Sep;17(3):371-381. doi: 10.1016/j.path.2024.04.005. Epub 2024 May 19.
Thyroid cytology is a rapidly evolving field that has seen significant advances in recent years. Its main goal is to accurately diagnose thyroid nodules, differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, and risk stratify nodules when a definitive diagnosis is not possible. The current landscape of thyroid cytology includes the use of fine-needle aspiration for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules with the use of uniform, tiered reporting systems such as the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. In recent years, molecular testing has emerged as a reliable preoperative diagnostic tool that stratifies patients into different risk categories (low, intermediate, or high) with varying probabilities of malignancy and helps guide patient treatment.
甲状腺细胞学是一个快速发展的领域，近年来取得了重大进展。其主要目标是准确诊断甲状腺结节，区分良性和恶性病变，并在无法明确诊断时对结节进行风险分层。目前的甲状腺细胞学领域包括使用细针抽吸诊断甲状腺结节，并使用统一的分层报告系统，如甲状腺细胞病理学报告的 Bethesda 系统。近年来，分子检测已成为一种可靠的术前诊断工具，可以将患者分为不同的风险类别（低、中、高），并具有不同的恶性可能性，有助于指导患者治疗。
