Karling J, Lohmander A, de Serpa-Leitão A, Galyas K, Larson O
Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;19(3):261-7. doi: 10.3109/02844318509074513.
This study was carried out to evaluate the NORAM (Nasal-Oral-RAtio-Meter), developed at the Department of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics, RIT. The speech samples used were the recorded speech of normal and nasally deviant speakers. NORAM measures the total speech time and the duration of the nasalized portions, it also calculates the ratio between these two values. The signals are picked up by two contact microphones, one placed on the alar cartilage of the nose and the other on the outside of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. They are compared and the segment is rated as nasal, if the signal from the nose pick-up is close in intensity to the larynx signal. It was found that the threshold should be set 9 dB below the larynx signal. The reliability of the measurements depends to a large degree on the accurate calibration of the instrument. In sentences lacking nasal consonants, produced by normal speakers, some nasal segments were registered at word boundaries and at the end of phrases. In the patient material these segments tended to be broader and additional segments were also found.
本研究旨在评估由罗切斯特理工学院言语传播与音乐声学系研发的NORAM（鼻口比率仪）。所使用的语音样本为正常发音者和鼻音异常发音者的录音语音。NORAM可测量总语音时长和鼻音化部分的时长，还能计算这两个值之间的比率。信号由两个接触式麦克风采集，一个置于鼻翼软骨上，另一个置于甲状软骨板外侧。将二者进行比较，如果来自鼻部采集的信号强度与喉部信号接近，则该片段被评定为鼻音。研究发现，阈值应设置为比喉部信号低9分贝。测量的可靠性在很大程度上取决于仪器的精确校准。在正常发音者说出的不含鼻辅音的句子中，在单词边界和短语结尾处记录到了一些鼻音片段。在患者材料中，这些片段往往更宽，还发现了额外的片段。
