Peshkovskaya Anastasia
Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2024 Jun 5;20:e17450179297171. doi: 10.2174/0117450179297171240522051748. eCollection 2024.
Impaired cognition in individuals with alcohol dependence may be associated with increased relapse risk. It has been recorded in more than half of patients during six months after treatment. In certain ethnic groups, for example, Tuvinians, the indigenous people of Siberia, relapses occur in extremely short periods of one to three months after treatment. An approach currently used to alcohol dependence treatment may be less effective for these patients.
The study aimed to investigate cognitive sequelae in indigenous Tuvinian patients with alcohol dependence.
The sample included 166 patients, 74 of indigenous ethnicity (Tuvinians) and 92 non-indigenous white patients. Data on inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, attention, and working memory were collected from all the patients and processed using cluster analysis. The clustering data were then complemented by indicators of disorder dynamics, impulsivity, and emotion regulation.
The clustering procedure revealed groups with severe cognitive sequelae. More than four-fold attention decrease was found in 43.5% of non-indigenous patients, and more impaired cognitive flexibility was revealed among 60.8% of indigenous patients. Groups with severe cognitive sequelae had higher impulsivity, maladaptive emotion regulation, more hospitalizations, faster disease progression, and shorter remissions. The latter was significantly reduced to 90 days on average in the severe group of indigenous patients 135 days of remission in the non-indigenous severe group.
Results obtained may advance tailored intervention in alcohol-dependent patients of the indigenous Tuvinian ethnicity. While little is still known about the alcohol dependence course and consequences in the indigenous Tuvinians of Siberia, this study contributes to the global mental health data on alcohol abuse and dependence in indigenous communities.
酒精依赖个体的认知障碍可能与复发风险增加有关。在治疗后的六个月内，超过半数的患者都有此记录。在某些族群中，例如图瓦人（西伯利亚的原住民），治疗后一到三个月的极短时间内就会复发。目前用于酒精依赖治疗的方法对这些患者可能效果较差。
本研究旨在调查图瓦族原住民酒精依赖患者的认知后遗症。
样本包括166名患者，其中74名是原住民（图瓦人），92名是非原住民白人患者。收集了所有患者关于抑制控制、认知灵活性、注意力和工作记忆的数据，并使用聚类分析进行处理。然后，聚类数据由障碍动态、冲动性和情绪调节指标进行补充。
聚类程序揭示了存在严重认知后遗症的群体。43.5%的非原住民患者注意力下降超过四倍，60.8%的原住民患者认知灵活性受损更严重。存在严重认知后遗症的群体具有更高的冲动性、适应不良的情绪调节、更多的住院次数、更快的疾病进展和更短的缓解期。后者在原住民严重组中平均显著缩短至90天，而非原住民严重组的缓解期为135天。
所得结果可能推动针对图瓦族原住民酒精依赖患者的个性化干预。虽然对于西伯利亚图瓦族原住民的酒精依赖病程和后果仍知之甚少，但本研究为全球关于原住民社区酒精滥用和依赖的心理健康数据做出了贡献。
